Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-42gr6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T17:03:29.033Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Clays Developed Under Sequoia gigantia and Prairie Soils: 150 Years of Soil-Plant Interaction in the Parks of French Châteaux

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Pierre Barré  and
Bruce Velde
Pierre Barré*
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Géologie, UMR 8538, CNRS-ENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
Bruce Velde
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Géologie, UMR 8538, CNRS-ENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
*
* E-mail address of corresponding author: barre@geologie.ens.fr
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The effect of plant species on soil-clay mineralogy has not been studied widely. In the present study, the clay mineralogy of top soils under Sequoia gigantia and grass regimes, maintained side by side for up to 150 y in the parks of several French châteaux, were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods and chemical analyses of the clay fractions. The seven paired samples that were studied originated from soils developed on calcareous, granitic, and loess substrates. The XRD data indicated the presence of a trioctahedral chlorite with a trioctahedral hydroxy-Mg sheet in sequoia soils observed in four of seven of the sites whereas it was absent from the adjacent prairie-soil samples. Parent materials influenced the formation of magnesian chlorite as it was observed in all soils developed on granite and in none of the soils developed on limestone. The exchangeability of the interlayer hydroxy-Mg sheet replaced by K+ from newly formed chlorite in a 14 y old sequoia-influenced soil suggests that the mineral was initially a hydroxy-interlayered mineral. Increased stability was observed in the older (100 and 150 y) soil chlorites, indicating a progression of polymerization of the Mg hydroxy-interlayered material. The small amount of chlorite in the whole clay assemblage impeded the observation of changes in Mg content by direct chemical measurements of the clay fractions but the systematically greater amount of exchanged Mg2+ ion measured under sequoia compared with adjacent prairie supports the formation of Mg magnesian chlorite.

The results presented indicate, on the one hand, the importance of plant regimes in controlling the soil chemistry and hence the clay mineralogy of surface soil horizons (magnesian chlorites were observed only under sequoia), and, on the other hand, that parent material modulates this plant influence (chlorite formation was observed on granite-derived soils).

Keywords

ChloritePlant SpeciesSequoia TreeSoilX-ray Diffraction
Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 58 , Issue 6 , December 2010 , pp. 803 - 812
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

AFNOR Association française de Normalization, 1999 Qualité: des sols, Volume 2.Google Scholar
Amiotti, N.M., Zalba, P., Sanchez, L.F., and Peinemann, N., 2000 The impact of single trees on properties of loessderived grassland soils in Argentina Ecology 81 3283–3290 10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[3283:TIOSTO]2.0.CO;2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Augusto, V., Ranger, J., Turpault, M.-P., and Bonnaud, P., 2001 Experimental in situ transformation of vermiculites to study the weathering impact of tree species on the soil European Journal of Soil Science 52 81–92 10.1046/j.1365-2389.2001.t01-1-00359.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bain, D.C., and Griffen, D.T., 2002 Possible effects of land use on the clay mineralogy of a brown forest soil Clay Minerals 37 663–670 10.1180/0009855023740068.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baize, D., 1995 Guide pour la description des sols France INRA Editions.Google Scholar
Barre, P., Velde, B., and Abbadie, L., 2007 Dynamic role of “illite-like” clay minerals, in temperate soils: facts and hypotheses Biogeochemistry 82 77–88 10.1007/s10533-006-9054-2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barré, P., Velde, B., Catel, N., and Abbadie, L., 2007 Soilplant potassium transfer: impact of plant activity on clay minerals as seen from X-ray diffraction Plant and Soil 292 137–146 10.1007/s11104-007-9208-6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barré, P., Montagnier, C., Chenu, C., Abbadie, L., and Velde, B., 2008 Clay minerals as a soil potassium reservoir: observation and quantification through X-ray diffraction Plant and Soil 302 213–220 10.1007/s11104-007-9471-6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boettcher, S.E., and Kalisz, P.J., 1990 Single-tree influence on soil properties in the mountains of eastern Kentucky Ecology 71 1365–1372 10.2307/1938273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brindley, G.W., and Brown, G., 1980 Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals and their X-ray Identification London Monograph 5, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain & Ireland 10.1180/mono-5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eick, M.J., Luxton, T.P., and Welsh, H.A., 2009 Effect of silica polymerization on the oxalate-promoted dissolution of goethite Clays and Clay Minerals 57 578–585 10.1346/CCMN.2009.0570506.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferrage, E., Lanson, B., Sakharov, B., and Drits, V., 2005 Investigation of smectite hydration properties by modelling X-ray diffraction patterns. Part I: Montmorillonite hydration properties American Mineralogist 90 1358–1374 10.2138/am.2005.1776.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hinsinger, P., Jaillard, B., and Dufey, E.D., 1992 Rapid weathering of a trioctahedral mica by the roots of ryegrass Soil Science Society of America Journal 56 977–982 10.2136/sssaj1992.03615995005600030049x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hinsinger, P., Elsass, F., Jaillard, B., and Robert, M., 1993 Root-induced irreversible transformation of a trioctahedral mica in the rhizosphere of rape Journal of Soil Science 44 535–545 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1993.tb00475.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodson, M.J., White, P.J., Mead, A., and Broadley, M.R., 2005 Phylogenetic variation in the silicon composition of plants Annals of Botany 96 1027–1046 10.1093/aob/mci255.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jobbagy, E.G., and Jackson, R.B., 2004 The uplift of soil nutrients by plants: Biogeochemical consequences across scales Ecology 85 2380–2389 10.1890/03-0245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelly, E.F., Chadwick, O.A., and Hilinski, T.E., 1998 The effects of plants on mineral weathering Biogeochemistry 42 21–53 10.1023/A:1005919306687.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khademi, H., and Arocena, J.M., 2008 Kaolinite formation from palygorskite and sepiolite in rhizosphere soils Clays and Clay Minerals 56 429–436 10.1346/CCMN.2008.0560404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lanson, B., 1997 Decomposition of experimental X-ray diffraction patterns (profile fitting): A convenient way to study clay minerals Clays and Clay Minerals 40 40–52 10.1346/CCMN.1992.0400106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Z., Velde, B., and Li, D., 2003 Loss of K-bearing clay minerals in flood irrigated, rice-growing soils in Jiangxi Province, China Clays and Clay Minerals 51 75–82 10.1346/CCMN.2003.510109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lucas, Y., Luizao, F.J., Chauvel, A., Rouiller, J., and Nahon, D., 1993 The relation between biological activity of the rain-forest and mineral composition of soils Science 260 521–523 10.1126/science.260.5107.521.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Madsen, H., and Norberg, P., 1995 Mineralogy of four sandy soils developed under heather, oak, spruce and grass in the same fluvioglacial deposit in Denmark Geoderma 64 233–256 10.1016/0016-7061(94)00021-2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meunier, A., 2007 Soil hydroxyl-interlayered minerals: A reinterpretation of their crystallochemical properties Clays and Clay Minerals 55 380–388 10.1346/CCMN.2007.0550406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meunier, A., and Velde, B., 2008 The Origin of Clay Minerals in Soils and Weathered Rocks Berlin Springer.Google Scholar
Norfleet, M.L., and Smith, B.R., 1989 Weathering and mineralogical classification of selected soils in the blue ridge mountains of North Carolina Soil Science Society of America Journal 53 1771–1778 10.2136/sssaj1989.03615995005300060027x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schenk, H.J., and Jackson, R.B. (2002) The global biogeography of roots. Ecological Monographs, 72, 311-328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tice, K., Graham, R., and Wood, H., 1996 Transformation of 2:1 phyllosilicates in 41-year-old soils under oak and pine Geoderma 70 49–62 10.1016/0016-7061(95)00070-4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tributh, H., von Boguslawski, E., van Lieres, A., Steffens, D., and Mengel, K., 1987 Effect of potassium removal by crops on transformation of illitic clay minerals Soil Science 143 404–409 10.1097/00010694-198706000-00003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turpault, M.-P., Righi, D., and Uterano, C., 2008 Clay minerals: Precise markers of the spatial and temporal variability of the biogeochemical environment Geoderma 147 108–115 10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.07.012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Velde, B., and Church, T., 1999 Rapid clay transformations in Delaware salt marshes Applied Geochemistry 14 559–568 10.1016/S0883-2927(98)00092-4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Velde, B., 2001 Clay Minerals in the agricultural horizon of loams and silt loams in the central United States Clay Minerals 36 277–294 10.1180/000985501750539391.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Velde, B., 2006 Preliminary study of the heavy metal chemistry of schorre and slikke clay deposits in the Brouage region: concentration of Cd, Sn and As related to P Cahiers Biologie Marine 47 93–102.Google Scholar
Velde, B., and Peck, T., 2002 Clay mineral changes in the Morrow Experimental Plots, University of Illinois Clays and Clay Minerals 50 364–370 10.1346/000986002760833738.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zinke, P.J., 1962 The influence of Giant Sequoia on soil properties Forest Science 8 1–11.Google Scholar