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Parameters Influencing Layer Stacking Types in Saponite and Vermiculite: A Review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2024

Hélène Suquet  and
Henri Pezerat
Hélène Suquet
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface et Structure, C.N.R.S. U.A. 1106, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05 France
Henri Pezerat
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface et Structure, C.N.R.S. U.A. 1106, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05 France
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Abstract

Saponites and vermiculites may assume at least 11 ordered or semi-ordered layer stacking sequences. For a given relative humidity, the layer stacking type assumed is a function of the nature of the interlayer cation, the layer charge density, the mean size of the particles, and the di- or trioctahedral character of the sheets. For each interlayer cation, a succession of layer stacking types can be observed as relative humidity increases. For high relative humidity, some particular layer stacking types exist, but only for low-charge minerals. No other differences have been found for saponites and vermiculites in each successive layer stacking type. The degree of order that these layer stacking types imply is probably due to the existence of electrostatic bonds between hydrated interlayer cations and surface oxygens of the substituted tetrahedra. For octahedrally substituted 2:1 phyllosilicates, however, the disorder of the layer stacking sequences is related to a highly delocalized distribution of negative charges on the surface oxygens of the layers.

A study of the superstructures detected in saponites and vermiculites indicates that the interlayer cations tend to be located as far as possible from one another. The superstructures exist only with some cations and some layer stacking types and if the layer charge density is compatible with the charge produced by the cation distribution in this kind of superstructure.

Keywords

Layer chargeLayer stackingRelative humiditySaponiteVermiculite
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 35 , Issue 5 , October 1987 , pp. 353 - 362
Copyright
Copyright © 1987, The Clay Minerals Society

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