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Microdialysis Coupled with LC-MS/MS for In Vivo Neurochemical Monitoring

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  • Theme: Integrating Microdialysis and Imaging Tools in Systems Pharmacology
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Abstract

Microdialysis is a powerful sampling technique used to monitor small molecules in vivo. Despite the many applications of microdialysis sampling, it is limited by the method of analyzing the resulting samples. An emerging technique for analysis of microdialysis samples is liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). This technique is highly versatile, allowing multiplexed analysis of neurotransmitters, metabolites, and neuropeptides. Using LC-MS/MS for polar neurotransmitters is hampered by weak retention reverse phase LC columns. Several derivatization reagents have been utilized to enhance separation and resolution of neurochemicals in dialysate samples including benzoyl chloride (BzCl), dansyl chloride, formaldehyde, ethylchloroformate, and propionic anhydride. BzCl reacts with amine and phenol groups so that many neurotransmitters can be labeled. Besides improving separation on reverse phase columns, this reagent also increases sensitivity. It is available in a heavy form so that it can be used to make stable-isotope labeled internal standard for improved quantification. Using BzCl with LC-MS/MS has allowed for measuring as many as 70 neurochemicals in a single assay. With slightly different conditions, LC-MS/MS has also been used for monitoring endocannabinoids. LC-MS/MS is also useful for neuropeptide assay because it allows for highly sensitive, sequence specific measurement of most peptides. These advances have allowed for multiplexed neurotransmitter measurements in behavioral, circuit analysis, and drug effect studies.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by NIH R37 EB003320 (Robert T. Kennedy), NIH T32 grant DA007268 (Alexander G. Zestos), and Seed Funding for Innovative Projects in Neuroscience on behalf of Michigan Brain Initiative Working Group (MiBrain Initiative).

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  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1055, USA

    Alexander G. Zestos & Robert T. Kennedy

  2. Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 2301 MSRB III, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1055, USA

    Alexander G. Zestos & Robert T. Kennedy

  3. Department of Chemistry, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, District of Columbia, 20016, USA

    Alexander G. Zestos

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Guest Editors: Robert E. Stratford, Nimita Dave, and Richard F. Bergstrom

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Zestos, A.G., Kennedy, R.T. Microdialysis Coupled with LC-MS/MS for In Vivo Neurochemical Monitoring. AAPS J 19, 1284–1293 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1208/s12248-017-0114-4

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