ABSTRACT
Nowadays “nano” is the theme of fundamental and industrial research in all disciplines of science. Recently, nanomaterials have received great attention from both academic and applied research due to their diff erence in physical and structural behavior in the
nanoscale regime, compared with bulk materials. The interest in nanoscale materials stems from the fact that new properties are acquired at this length scale and, equally important, that these properties change with their size or shape. In semiconductors, the change in the properties results from the further confinement of the electronic motion to a length scale that is comparable to or smaller than the length scale characterizing the electronic motion in bulk semiconducting material (called the electron Bohr radius, which is usually a few nanometers). The structures in the nanometer dimension are fundamentally diff erent because of the quantum length scale. The electronic, optical, and magnetic properties of the nanomaterials are dominated by the quantum behavior. Due to the small size of the nanomaterials, the packing density is very high and that is useful for high speed information processing and high capacity for information storage.
