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The revised recommendation for administering vitamin C in septic patients: the Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2020

Journal of Intensive Care volume 10, Article number: 50 (2022) Cite this article

Abstract

Given the available clinical evidence through the literature search when the Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2020 was being created, we suggested administering vitamin C to such patients. Recently, several randomized control trials have been published, some of which suggested the harmful effect of vitamin C in terms of mortality or persistent organ dysfunction. Therefore, we performed updated systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Accordingly, we revised our recommendation as “We suggest against administering vitamin C to septic patients (GRADE 2D: certainty of evidence = “very low”).”

To the editor,

Given the available clinical evidence through the literature search when the Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2020 (J-SSCG2020) was being created, J-SSCG2020 [1, 2] suggested administering vitamin C to septic patients based on the 11 available randomized control trials (RCT) [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13].

Recently, Lamontagne et al. conducted a large multi-center RCT, including 872 septic patients, who required vasopressors, to evaluate the effect of high-dose vitamin C [14]. This RCT revealed that the proportion of a composite of death or persistent organ dysfunction at 28 days in the vitamin C group was significantly higher than that in the placebo group. Additionally, several RCTs were published after our meta-analysis on this issue for J-SSCG2020. Therefore, we performed an updated systematic review on 20th June 2022. We identified 12 new RCTs [14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25] and performed an updated meta-analysis using these 23 RCTs (Table 1 and Additional file 1).

Table 1 Evidence profile
Full size table

In our updated meta-analysis, the estimated value of the desirable anticipated effect was as follows: the length of ICU stay yielded a mean difference (MD) of 0.25 days shorter (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.72 days shorter–0.22 days longer) (16 RCTs, n = 3534). Thereby, the desirable anticipated effect was thought to be “trivial”. The estimated values of the effects on mortality were as follows: long-term mortality, namely more than 60 days, yielded a risk difference (RD) of 42 more per 1000 (95% CI: 8 more–83 more) (6 RCTs, n = 2881), 28 or 30 days mortality yielded an RD of 34 fewer per 1000 (95% CI: 70 fewer–12 more) (15 RCTs, n = 3856), in-hospital mortality yielded an RD of 20 fewer per 1000 (95% CI: 80 fewer–53 more) (12 RCTs, n = 2344). Of these three mortalities, long-term mortality was chosen as the effect on mortality since we predetermined that the highest certainty of evidence was adopted. Subsequently, the estimated values of the other undesirable anticipated effects were as follows: the length of hospital stay yielded an MD of 0.24 days longer (95% CI: 0.97 days shorter–1.45 days longer) (12 RCTs, n = 3407), and acute kidney injury yielded an RD of 6 more per 1000 (95% CI: 20 fewer–38 more) (9 RCTs, n = 2230). Thereby, the undesirable anticipated effects were “moderate”. Thus, we presumed that administering vitamin C was inferior to the placebo or control. Judgment of values, acceptability, and feasibility were not changed, namely, “probably no important uncertainty or variability”, “probably yes”, and “probably yes”, respectively.

Accordingly, we revised our recommendation to “We suggest against administering vitamin C to septic patients (GRADE 2D: certainty of evidence = “very low”).”

Availability of data and materials

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its additional information files.

Abbreviations

J-SSCG2020:

The Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2020

RCT:

Randomized control trial

MD:

Mean difference

CI:

Confidence interval

RD:

Risk difference

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Funding

These guidelines were prepared with financial support from the Japan Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine. No member of the Guideline Creation Committee received any form of financial compensation during the preparation of these guidelines. The views and interests of these societies were not reflected in the preparation of the guidelines’ recommendations.

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    Guideline committee of The Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2020

    Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine

    • Moritoki Egi

    Japanese Association for Acute Medicine

    • Hiroshi Ogura

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    Additional file 1.

    PRISMA flow diagram, risk of bias summary, Forrest plot, funnel plot, and evidence to decision table.

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    Guideline committee of The Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2020., Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine. & Japanese Association for Acute Medicine. The revised recommendation for administering vitamin C in septic patients: the Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2020. j intensive care 10, 50 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40560-022-00641-4

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    ISSN: 2052-0492