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Plasma Glucose, Ketone Bodies, Insulin, Glucagon and Enteroglucagon in Cows: Diurnal Variations Related to Ketone Levels Before Feeding and to the Ketogenic Effects of Feeds

Plasma glukose, ketonlegemer, insulin, glukagon og enteroglukagon i kyr. Døgn-variasjoner relatert til keton-nivåer før föring og til den ketogene effekt av för-typer.

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica volume 31, pages 5–15 (1990)Cite this article

Abstract

Ingestions of a moderately ketogenic silage twice daily were followed by transient increments in plasma insulin and ketone bodies and decreases in plasma glucose. Ketone bodies and glucose were negatively correlated throughout the day, but the insulin elevations culminated before the maximal effects on ketone bodies and glucose were established.

Cows with varying glucose levels before morning feeding reacted to a highly ketogenic silage by decreasing their glucose level uniformly to about 3 mmol/l, in spite of a widely varying feeding-induced insulin increment.

Hay-feeding caused insulin increments of the same magnitude as silage-feeding, but the glucose decrease and the ketone increment was much smaller. The results indicate some direct action of ketone bodies on blood sugar regulation, in addition to effects mediated by insulin. The role of ketone bodies as the insulinotropic factor was not confirmed. The insulin level after feeding seems to be determined by the carbohydrate status of the animal before feeding.

No significant changes in plasma glucagon were observed after feeding, and no consistent differences in plasma levels of this hormone were found when non-ke-tonemic, ketonemic, and clinically ketotic cows were compared. The plasma level of enteroglucagon (GLI) was positively correlated to the relative amount of concentrates consumed, but no relation to plasma glucose was found.

Sammendrag

Inntak av en moderat ketogen silo to ganger daglig medførte forbigående økninger i plasma insulin og ketonlegemer og senkninger i plasma glukose. Ketonlegemer og glukose var negativt korrelerte hele dagen igjennom, men de forbigående økningene i insulin kulminerte før de maksimale effekter på ketonlegemer og glukose ble oppnådd.

Kyr med varierende glukosenivåer før fôring reagerte uniformt på et sterkt ketogent silofôr med glukosenedgang til omtrent 3 mmol/1, til tross for stor variasjon i den fôrings-induserte insulin-økningen. Fôring med høy ga opphav til insulin-økning av samme størrelsesorden som med silofôr, men økningen av ketonlegemer var mye mindre og glukose syntes mindre påvirket av insulin etter høy-fôring.

Resultatene indikerer en direkte effekt av ketonlegemer på reguleringen av blodsukkeret i tillegg til påvirkning via insulin. Ketonlegemenes rolle som den insulinotrope faktor ble ikke bekreftet. Insulin-ni-vået etter fôring ser ut til å bli bestemt av dyrets karbohydrat-status før fôring.

Det ble ikke observert noen signifikant forandring i plasmaglukagon etter fôring og det ble heller ikke funnet forskjeller i nivået av dette hormonet mellom kyr med varierende ketonemi eller med klinisk ketose.

Plasma-nivået av enteroglukagon (GLI) var positivt korrelert til den relative mengde konsumert kraftfôr, men noen relasjon til plasma glukose ble ikke observert.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and the Research Farm, Veterinary College of Norway, P. O. Box 8146, Dep., N-0033 Oslo 1, Oslo, Norway

    B. Borrebaek, K. Halse & B. Tveit

  2. Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Norway, Ås-NLH, Norway

    H. K. Dahle & L. Ceh

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  1. B. Borrebaek
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  2. K. Halse
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  3. B. Tveit
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  4. H. K. Dahle
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  5. L. Ceh
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Borrebaek, B., Halse, K., Tveit, B. et al. Plasma Glucose, Ketone Bodies, Insulin, Glucagon and Enteroglucagon in Cows: Diurnal Variations Related to Ketone Levels Before Feeding and to the Ketogenic Effects of Feeds. Acta Vet Scand 31, 5–15 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03547572

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Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica

ISSN: 1751-0147