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Geology and mineralogy of Li mineralization in the Central Iberian Zone (Spain and Portugal)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

E. Roda-Robles ,
A. Pesquera ,
P. P. Gil-Crespo ,
R. Vieira ,
A. Lima ,
I. Garate-Olave ,
T. Martins  and
J. Torres-Ruiz
E. Roda-Robles*
Affiliation:
Departamento Mineralogía y Petrología, Univ. País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, 48080-Bilbao, Spain
A. Pesquera
Affiliation:
Departamento Mineralogía y Petrología, Univ. País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, 48080-Bilbao, Spain
P. P. Gil-Crespo
Affiliation:
Departamento Mineralogía y Petrología, Univ. País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, 48080-Bilbao, Spain
R. Vieira
Affiliation:
Sojitz Beralt Tin & Wolfram (Portugal) S.A., Portugal Instituto Ciências da Terra (Pólo da UP), Porto, Portugal
A. Lima
Affiliation:
Instituto Ciências da Terra (Pólo da UP), Porto, Portugal Departamento Geociências, Ambiente e Ordenamento do Território, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
I. Garate-Olave
Affiliation:
Departamento Mineralogía y Petrología, Univ. País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, 48080-Bilbao, Spain
T. Martins
Affiliation:
Manitoba Geological Survey, 360-1395 Ellice Av., Winnipeg, Manitoba R3G 3P2, Canada
J. Torres-Ruiz
Affiliation:
Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
*
*E-mail: encar.roda@ehu.es
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Abstract

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Lithium mineralization is common in the Central Iberian Zone and, to a lesser extent, in the Galizia-Trás-OsMontes Zone of Spain and Portugal, occurring along a ∼500 km-long NNW-SSE striking belt. There are different styles of Li mineralization along this belt; they are mainly associated with aplite-pegmatite bodies and, to a much lesser extent, with veins of quartz and phosphate. Lithium mineralization in the Central Iberian Zone may be classified into four types: aplite-pegmatite dykes occurring in pegmatitic fields, Li mineralization associated with leucogranitic cupolas, beryl-phosphate pegmatites and quartz-montebrasite veins. The main Li minerals of these bodies include Li-mica, spodumene and/or petalite in the pegmatitic fields and leucogranitic cupolas; triphylite–lithiophilite in the beryl-phosphate pegmatites, and amblygonite–montebrasite in the quartz-montebrasite veins. The origin of these different styles of mineralization is considered to be related to differentiation of peraluminous melts, which were generated by partial melting of metasedimentary rocks during the Variscan orogeny. On the basis of paragenesis and chemical composition, the pegmatitic fields and Li mineralization associated with granitic cupolas record the highest fractionation levels, whereas the beryl-phosphate pegmatites and quartz-montebrasite veins show lower degrees of fractionation. There are a number of textural and mineralogical indicators for Li exploration in the Central Iberian Zone and in the Galizia-Trás-Os-Montes Zone, with the highest economic potential for Li being in the pegmatite fields.

Keywords

LithiumPegmatitesHydrothermal VeinsGranitesVariscan OrogenyCentral Iberian ZoneSpainPortugal
Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 80 , Issue 1 , February 2016 , pp. 103 - 126
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2016 This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2016

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