Spatial 3d Direct Visualization of Atoms, Molecules and Chemical Bonds

Olexandr Kucherov; Alexandr Rud; Viktor Gubanov; Mykola Biliy

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajac.20200804.11

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Spatial 3d Direct Visualization of Atoms, Molecules and Chemical Bonds

Olexandr Kucherov, Alexandr Rud, Viktor Gubanov, Mykola Biliy

Published in American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 8, Issue 4)

Received: 19 March 2020 Accepted: 2 April 2020 Published: 13 August 2020

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Abstract

The paper presents the further development of direct visualization of individual atoms, molecules with chemical bonds by spatial 3d electron cloud densitometry. Direct visualization of small objects studied by chemistry is made possible by the discovery of the plane wave amplitude deformation in accordance with the electron cloud density. Accordance with this affect, an atom begins to illuminate, depicting its own form! A quantum mechanical theory of the effect is given. As a result, it was possible to trace a chemical reaction with a change in the chemical bonds, geometry molecules, and distances between the atoms. The spatial 3d picoscope is used to show the structure of crystalline graphite formed by the sp² chemical bonds of carbon atoms, and a system of weak π-bonds that connects the layers of graphite. This device confirmed the flat structure of single-layer graphene and allowed to detect a two-layer hexagonal diamond system that was previously un known. This material is proposed to designate gubanite. A scan be seen from the spatial 3d snapshot, as the graphene layers converge, the upper graphene π-electron clouds connect to the lower graphene π-electron clouds to form a two-layer diamond gubanite, the spatial 3d model of which is shown. It should lead to the appearance of visual chemistry.

Published in	American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 8, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajac.20200804.11
Page(s)	94-99
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Direct Image of Electron Clouds, Electron Cloud Densitometry, Graphene, Two-layered Diamond, Spatial 3d Picoscope, Visualization of Molecules, Visualization of Chemical Bonds, Visual Chemistry

References

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[3]	Adriyan Milevetal. Influence of bond defects on coiling of graphite. 2006 Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 7, 834.
[4]	O. P. Kucherov & A. D. Rud (2018) Direct visualization of individual molecules in molecular crystals by electron cloud densitometry, Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 674: 1, 40-47, https://DOI:10.1080/15421406.2019.1578510.
[5]	O. P. Kucherov, & S. E. Lavrovsky, Direct visualization of molecular structure by the electron beam shifting effect. Information Technology and Special Security, (2016). (http://science-ua.com/gallery/maketn2.pdf).
[6]	O. P. Kucherov, & S. E. Lavrovsky. The method for obtaining an image with a sub-diffraction resolution and an opto-electronic system for its implementation, Patent of Ukrainen 115602 dated February 27, 2018.
[7]	Jinschek, J. R.; Yucelen, E.; Calderon, H. A.; Freitag, B. Quantitative atomic 3-Dimagingofsingle/ double sheet graphene structure. Carbon 2011, 49, 556–562.
[8]	O. P. Kucherov, & S. E. Lavrovsky, Picoscope, As an Instrument for Molecules Atomic Structure Study. Information Technology and Special Security, (2016). (http://science-ua.com/gallery/maketn2.pdf).
[9]	V. O. Gubanov, A. P. Naumenko, M. M. Bilyi, I. S. Dotsenko, O. M. Navozenko, M. M. Sabov, L. A. Bulavin. Energy spectracorrelation of vibrational and electronic excitations and their dispersion in graphite and graphene// Ukr. J. Phys. 2018. Vol. 63, No. 5P. 431–454, https://doi.org/10.15407/ujpe63.5.431.
[10]	Frondel, C.; U. B. Marvin (1967). "Lonsdaleite, a hexagonal polymorph of diamond". Nature. 214 (5088): 587–589. Bibcode: 1967 Natur. 214.587F. http://doi:10.1038/214587a0.
[11]	Frondel, C.; U. B. Marvin (1967). "Lonsdaleite, a hexagonal polymorph of diamond". American Mineralogist. 52.
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[13]	A. D. Rud, I. M. Kiryan, & A. M. Lakhnik, Topological characteristics of local atomic arrangements at crystalline-amorphous structural transition in graphite. Materials Science. Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (2014). (http://arxiv.org/abs/1412.1982.
[14]	Feynman Lectures on Physics, Quantum Mechanics. PaloAlto, London, 1961. – 325p. (https://www.academia.edu/28997196/The_Feynman_Lectures_on_Physics_-_VOL3).

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Olexandr Kucherov, Alexandr Rud, Viktor Gubanov, Mykola Biliy. (2020). Spatial 3d Direct Visualization of Atoms, Molecules and Chemical Bonds. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 8(4), 94-99. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20200804.11

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ACS Style

Olexandr Kucherov; Alexandr Rud; Viktor Gubanov; Mykola Biliy. Spatial 3d Direct Visualization of Atoms, Molecules and Chemical Bonds. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2020, 8(4), 94-99. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20200804.11

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AMA Style

Olexandr Kucherov, Alexandr Rud, Viktor Gubanov, Mykola Biliy. Spatial 3d Direct Visualization of Atoms, Molecules and Chemical Bonds. Am J Appl Chem. 2020;8(4):94-99. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20200804.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajac.20200804.11,
  author = {Olexandr Kucherov and Alexandr Rud and Viktor Gubanov and Mykola Biliy},
  title = {Spatial 3d Direct Visualization of Atoms, Molecules and Chemical Bonds},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {94-99},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.20200804.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20200804.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.20200804.11},
  abstract = {The paper presents the further development of direct visualization of individual atoms, molecules with chemical bonds by spatial 3d electron cloud densitometry. Direct visualization of small objects studied by chemistry is made possible by the discovery of the plane wave amplitude deformation in accordance with the electron cloud density. Accordance with this affect, an atom begins to illuminate, depicting its own form! A quantum mechanical theory of the effect is given. As a result, it was possible to trace a chemical reaction with a change in the chemical bonds, geometry molecules, and distances between the atoms. The spatial 3d picoscope is used to show the structure of crystalline graphite formed by the sp2 chemical bonds of carbon atoms, and a system of weak π-bonds that connects the layers of graphite. This device confirmed the flat structure of single-layer graphene and allowed to detect a two-layer hexagonal diamond system that was previously un known. This material is proposed to designate gubanite. A scan be seen from the spatial 3d snapshot, as the graphene layers converge, the upper graphene π-electron clouds connect to the lower graphene π-electron clouds to form a two-layer diamond gubanite, the spatial 3d model of which is shown. It should lead to the appearance of visual chemistry.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Spatial 3d Direct Visualization of Atoms, Molecules and Chemical Bonds
AU - Olexandr Kucherov
AU - Alexandr Rud
AU - Viktor Gubanov
AU - Mykola Biliy
Y1 - 2020/08/13
PY - 2020
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20200804.11
DO - 10.11648/j.ajac.20200804.11
T2 - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP - 94
EP - 99
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2330-8745
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20200804.11
AB - The paper presents the further development of direct visualization of individual atoms, molecules with chemical bonds by spatial 3d electron cloud densitometry. Direct visualization of small objects studied by chemistry is made possible by the discovery of the plane wave amplitude deformation in accordance with the electron cloud density. Accordance with this affect, an atom begins to illuminate, depicting its own form! A quantum mechanical theory of the effect is given. As a result, it was possible to trace a chemical reaction with a change in the chemical bonds, geometry molecules, and distances between the atoms. The spatial 3d picoscope is used to show the structure of crystalline graphite formed by the sp2 chemical bonds of carbon atoms, and a system of weak π-bonds that connects the layers of graphite. This device confirmed the flat structure of single-layer graphene and allowed to detect a two-layer hexagonal diamond system that was previously un known. This material is proposed to designate gubanite. A scan be seen from the spatial 3d snapshot, as the graphene layers converge, the upper graphene π-electron clouds connect to the lower graphene π-electron clouds to form a two-layer diamond gubanite, the spatial 3d model of which is shown. It should lead to the appearance of visual chemistry.
VL - 8
IS - 4
ER -

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Author Information

Olexandr Kucherov

Institute of Structural Information Technology, Kyiv, Ukraine
Alexandr Rud

G. V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics of the N. A. S. of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Viktor Gubanov

Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Mykola Biliy

Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine

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APA Style

Olexandr Kucherov, Alexandr Rud, Viktor Gubanov, Mykola Biliy. (2020). Spatial 3d Direct Visualization of Atoms, Molecules and Chemical Bonds. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 8(4), 94-99. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20200804.11

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ACS Style

Olexandr Kucherov; Alexandr Rud; Viktor Gubanov; Mykola Biliy. Spatial 3d Direct Visualization of Atoms, Molecules and Chemical Bonds. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2020, 8(4), 94-99. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20200804.11

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AMA Style

Olexandr Kucherov, Alexandr Rud, Viktor Gubanov, Mykola Biliy. Spatial 3d Direct Visualization of Atoms, Molecules and Chemical Bonds. Am J Appl Chem. 2020;8(4):94-99. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20200804.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajac.20200804.11,
  author = {Olexandr Kucherov and Alexandr Rud and Viktor Gubanov and Mykola Biliy},
  title = {Spatial 3d Direct Visualization of Atoms, Molecules and Chemical Bonds},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {94-99},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.20200804.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20200804.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.20200804.11},
  abstract = {The paper presents the further development of direct visualization of individual atoms, molecules with chemical bonds by spatial 3d electron cloud densitometry. Direct visualization of small objects studied by chemistry is made possible by the discovery of the plane wave amplitude deformation in accordance with the electron cloud density. Accordance with this affect, an atom begins to illuminate, depicting its own form! A quantum mechanical theory of the effect is given. As a result, it was possible to trace a chemical reaction with a change in the chemical bonds, geometry molecules, and distances between the atoms. The spatial 3d picoscope is used to show the structure of crystalline graphite formed by the sp2 chemical bonds of carbon atoms, and a system of weak π-bonds that connects the layers of graphite. This device confirmed the flat structure of single-layer graphene and allowed to detect a two-layer hexagonal diamond system that was previously un known. This material is proposed to designate gubanite. A scan be seen from the spatial 3d snapshot, as the graphene layers converge, the upper graphene π-electron clouds connect to the lower graphene π-electron clouds to form a two-layer diamond gubanite, the spatial 3d model of which is shown. It should lead to the appearance of visual chemistry.},
 year = {2020}
}

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