Abstract
In this work, we document for the first time four species of Ichthyostraca in Mexico, one Branchiura: Argulus foliaceus (fish parasite), and three Pentastomida: Porocephalus clavatus (reptile parasite), Raillietiella hebitihamata (reptile parasite) and Raillietiella orientalis (frog parasite). In addition, a total of 11 new host records and 16 new localities are presented for Ichthyostraca in Mexico. Based on the compilation of published information and on specimens deposited in scientific collections, the first checklist of Ichthyostraca from North America (Canada, United States of America and Mexico) is compiled. To March 2019, records of Ichthyostraca from North America include 64 species and 8 undetermined taxa, parasitizing 293 host species (64 of them identified only to a supra-specific level) in 77 provinces and states (8 from Canada, 47 from the USA, and 22 from Mexico). The subclass Branchiura is represented by 1 order, 1 family, 1 genus, 35 species and 1 undetermined taxa; the subclass Pentastomida includes records of 4 orders, 9 families, 14 genera, 29 species and 7 undetermined taxa. Ten species reported in this work are thought to be introduced into North America with only a few records of them parasitizing native hosts. This checklist summarizes the available records of this class of crustaceans in North America and represents a base line for future studies.
References
Abadi, M.A., Stephney, G. & Factor, S.M. (1996) Cardiac pentastomiasis and tuberculosis: the worm-eaten heart. Cardiovascular Pathology, 5, 169–174.
https://doi.org/10.1016/1054-8807(95)00089-5
Abele, L.G., Kim, W. & Felgenhauer, B.E. (1989) Molecular evidence for inclusion of the phylum Pentastomida in the Crustacea. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 6, 685–691.
https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040581
Aiyekomogbon, J.O., Meseko, C.A. & Abiodun, O.O. (2016) Armillifer armillatus infestation in Human; public health scenario of a snake parasite: a report of three cases. The Pan African Medical Journal, 25, 45.
https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2016.25.45.10282
Ali, J.H., Riley, J. & Self, J.T. (1981) A revision of the taxonomy of the blunt-hooked Raillietiella, pentastomid parasites of African, South-East-Asian and Indonesian lizards, with a description of a new species. Systematic Parasitology, 3, 193–207.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00014851
Ali, J.H., Riley, J. & Self, J.T. (1984) A revision of the taxonomy of pentastomid parasites (genus Raillietiella Sambon, 1910) from American snakes and amphisbaenians. Systematic Parasitology, 6, 87–97.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02185516
Ali, J.H., Riley, J. & Self, J.T. (1985) A review of the taxonomy and systematics of the pentastomid genus Raillietiella Sambon, 1910 with a description of a new species. Systematic Parasitology, 7, 111–123.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00009814
Ali-Khan, Z. & Bowmer, E.J. (1972) Pentastomiasis in western Canada: a case report. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 21, 58–61.
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1972.21.58
Allum, M.O. & Hugghins, E.J. (1959) Epizootics of fish lice, Argulus biromosus, in two lakes of eastern South Dakota. Journal of Parasitology, 45, 33–34.
Almeida, W.O. & Christoffersen, M.L. (1999) A cladistic approach to relationships in Pentastomida. Journal of Parasitology, 85, 695–704.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3285745
Amin, O.M. (1981) On the crustacean ectoparasites of fishes from southeast Wisconsin. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 100, 142–150.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3225797
Andrews, C.L., Davidson, W.R. & Provost, E.E. (1980) Endoparasites of selected populations of cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) in the southeastern United States. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 16, 395–401.
https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-16.3.395
Armendáriz-Soto, J.A. (2007) Linguatulosis en México, su importancia e interés en medicina veterinaria. Universidad Autónoma Agraria “Antonio Narro” Unidad Laguna, 37 pp.
Audouin, M. (1837) Untitled. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 6, 13.
Baird, W. (1862). Description of some new species of Entozoa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 30, 113–115.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1862.tb06468.x
Baird, J.K., Kassebaum, L.J. & Ludwig, G.K. (1988) Hepatic granuloma in a man from North America caused by a nymph of Linguatula serrata. Pathology, 20, 198–199.
https://doi.org/10.3109/00313028809066635
Bangham, R.V. (1940) Parasites of freshwater fish of southern Florida. Proceedings of the Florida Academy of Sciences, 5, 289–307.
Bangham, R.V. (1946) Parasites of northern Wisconsin fish. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters, 36, 291–325.
Bangham, R.V. & Venard, C.E. (1942) Studies on parasites of Reelfoot Lake fish. IV. Distribution studies and checklist of parasites. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science, 17, 22–38.
Beauregard-Escobar, A.M., Perera-Quintero, L.F. & Gómez-Campos, G. (2002) Linguatula serrata: presentación de un caso. Revista Mexicana de Oftalmología, 76, 1–3.
Benda, R.S. (1974) Occurrence of Argulus mississippiensis (Crustacea: Branchiura) in Indiana. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science, 84, 213–214.
Benda, R.S. (1969) Occurrence of Argulus appendiculosus Wilson, 1907 (Crustacea: Branchiura) in Indiana. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science, 89, 404.
Bere, R. (1931) Copepods parasitic on fish of the Trout Lake region, with descriptions of two new species. Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters, 26, 427–436.
Bere, R. (1936) Parasitic Copepods from Gulf of Mexico Fish. The American midland Naturalist, 17, 577–625.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2419936
Besch, E.D. (1959) Demonstration of the nymph of Linguatula serrata Fröhlich, 1789 in Sylvilagus floridanus from north central Oklahoma. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 134, 544–545.
Bokyo, C.B. (1996) Catalog of Recent Type Specimens in the Department of Invertebrates, American Museum of Natural History. I. “Parasitica” (Phyla Platyhelminthes, Rhombozoa, and Pentastomida) and Gastrotricha (Supplement). American Museum Novitates, 3174, 1–59.
Bouchet, G.C. (1985) Redescription of Argulus varians Bere, 1936 (Branchiura, Argulidae) including a description of its early development and first larval stage. Crustaceana, 49, 31–35.
https://doi.org/10.1163/156854085X00170
Bovien, P. (1927). Über einige Pentastomen aus Java. Videnskabelige meddelelser fra den Naturhistoriske forening i Kjöbenhavn, 84, 1–9.
Boyce, W.M. (1985) The prevalence of Sebekia mississippiensis (Pentastomida) in American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) in north Florida and experimental infection of paratenic hosts. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 52, 278–282.
Boyce, W.M., Cardeilhac, P., Lane, T., Buergelt, C. & King, M. (1984) Sebekiosis in captive alligator hatchlings. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 185, 1419–1420.
Boyce, W.M., Kazacos, E.A., Kazacos, K.R. & Engelhardt, J.A. (1987) Pathology of pentastomid infections (Sebekia mississippiensis) in fish. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 23, 689–692.
https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-23.4.689
Brookins, M.D., Wellehan Jr., J.F.X., Roberts, J.F., Allison, K., Curran, S.S., Childress, A.L. & Greiner, E.C. (2009) Massive visceral pentastomiasis caused by Porocephalus crotali in a dog. Veterinary Pathology, 46, 460–463.
https://doi.org/10.1354/vp.07-VP-0246-R-BC
Burn, P.R. (1980) The parasites of smooth flounder, Liopsetta putnami (Gill), from the Great Bay estuary, New Hampshire. Journal of Parasitology, 66, 532–541.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3280760
Buttner, J. K. (1980) Occurrence of Argulus (Crustacea: Branchiura) on the white crappie, Pomoxis annularis Rafinesque, and free-swimming in the southern Illinois reservoirs. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science, 72, 5–7.
Caballero, I.C., Sakla, A.J., Detwiler, J.T., Le Gall, M., Behmer, S.T. & Criscione, C.D. (2015) Physiological status drives metabolic rate in Mediterranean geckos infected with pentastomes. PLOSone, 10, e0144477.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144477
Calman, W. T. (1912) On Dipteropeltis, a new genus of the crustacean order Branchiura. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 82, 763–766.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1912.tb07553.x
Carbajal-Márquez, R.A., González-Solís, D. & Cedeño-Vázquez, J.R. (2018) Endoparasites of Crotalus tzabcan (Serpentes: Viperidae), with a checklist in rattlesnakes. Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 42, 303–314.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-018-1001-3
Causey, D. (1960) Parasitic Copepoda from Mexican coastal fishes. Bulletin of Marine Science, 10, 323–337.
Cherry, R.H. & Ager, A.L. (1982) Parasites of American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) in south Florida. Journal of Parasitology, 68, 509–510.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3280972
Chesser, R.T., Burns, K.J., Cicero, C., Dunn, J.L., Kratter, A.W., Lovette, I.J., Rasmussen, P.C., Remsen, J.V., Stotz Jr., D.F, Winger, B.M. & Winker, K. (2018) Check-list of North American Birds. Online. American Ornithological Society. Available from: http://checklist.aou.org/taxa (accessed 20 June 2019)
Christoffersen, M.L. & De Assis, J.E. (2013) A systematic monograph of the recent Pentastomida, with a compilation of their host. Zoologische Mededelingen, 87, 1–206.
Cobb, N.A. (1932) The english word “nema”. Journal of the American Medical Association, 98, 75.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1932.02730270079043
Cochran, P.A., Leisten, A.A. & Sneen, M.E. (1992) Cases of predation and parasitism on lampreys in Wisconsin. Journal of Freshwater Ecology, 7, 435–436.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.1992.9664714
Collins, M.R. (1984) Ectoparasites of Striped Mullet (Mugil cephalus L.) in Brackish and Freshwater Habitats. Doctoral dissertation, University of Florida, vi + 78 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.105724
Cressey, R.F. (1971) Two new argulids (Crustacea: Branchiura) from the eastern United States. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 84, 253–258.
Cressey, R.F. (1972) The genus Argulus (Crustacea: Branchiura) of the United States. Biota of Freshwater Ecosystems, Identification Manual 2. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 14 pp.
Cressey, R.F. (1978) Marine Flora and Fauna of Northeastern United States. Crustacea: Branchiura. NOAA Technical Report Circular, 413, 1–11.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.63227
Cruz-Reyes, A. & Beltrán-Hernández, F. (1972) Frecuencia de algunos helmintos parasitos de perros (Canis familiaris l., 1758) del Distrito Federal, México. Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural, 33, 133–150.
Curran, S.S., Overstreet, M.D., Collins, E. & Benz, G.W. (2014) Levisunguis subaequalis n. g., n. sp., a tongue worm (Pentastomida: Porocephalida: Sebekidae) infecting softshell turtles, Apalone spp. (Testudines: Trionychidae) in the southeastern United States. Systematic Parasitology, 87, 33–45.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-013-9459-y
Dana, J.D. (1853) Crustacea. Part 2. United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N., 14, 389–1618.
Dana, J.D. & Herrick, E.C. (1837) Description of the Argulus catastomi, a new parasitic crustaceous animal (with figures). The American Journal of Science and Arts, 31, 297–308.
Davis, C.C. (1965) A study of the hatching process in aquatic invertebrates. XVII. Hatching in Argulus megalops Smith (Crustacea: Branchiura). Hydrobiologia, 27, 202–207.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00161496
Deakins, D.E. (1971) Pentastomes from Blackbeard Island, Georgia, with notes on North American pentastomes. Journal of Parasitology, 57, 1197.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3277966
Dechtiar, A.O. (1972) New parasite records for Lake Erie fish. Great Lakes Fishery Commission Technical Report, 17, 1–20.
Dechtiar, A.O. & Christie, W.J. (1988) Survey of the parasite fauna of Lake Ontario fishes, 1961–1971. In: Nepzy, S.J. (Ed.), Parasites of fishes in the Canadian waters of the Great Lakes. Great Lakes Fishery Commission Technical Report, 51, pp. 66–95.
Dechtiar, A.O. & Nepszy, S.J. (1988) Survey of the parasitic fauna of selected fish species from Lake Erie, 1970–1975. Great Lakes Fishery Commission Technical Report, 51, 49–65.
Dechtiar, A.O., Collins, J.J. & Reckahn, J.A. (1988) Survey of the parasite fauna of Lake Huron Fishes, 1961 to 1971. In: Nepzy, S.J. (Ed.), Parasites of fishes in the Canadian waters of the Great Lakes. Great Lakes Fishery Commission Technical Report, 51, pp. 19–48.
Detterline, J.L., Jacob, J.S. & Wilhelm, W.E. (1984) A comparison of helminth endo-parasites in the cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus) and three species of water snakes (Nerodia). Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 103, 137–143.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3226236
De Grave, S., Cai, Y. & Anker, A. (2008) Global diversity of shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia, 595, 287–293.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9024-2
Deutsch, W.G. (1989) Parasites of Susquehanna River (Pennsylvania) Muskellunge. Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science, 63, 25–27.
Diesing, K.M. (1850). Systema helminthum. Vol. 1. Wilhelmum Braumüller, Vindobonae, 679 pp.
Diesing, K.M. (1863). Revision der Cephalocotyleen. Abtheilung: Paramecocotyleen. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 48, 200–345.
Doyère, L. (1840) Mémoire sur les Tardigrades. Annales des sciences naturelles, 14, 269–361.
Dukes, G.H., Shealy, R.M. & Rogers, W.A. (1971) Sebekia oxycephala (Pentastomida) in large mouth bass from Lake St. John, Concordia Parish, Louisiana. Journal of Parasitology, 57, 1028.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3277859
Durden, L.A., Sly, D.L. & Buck, A.T. (1985) Parasitic arthropods of bushbabies (Galago senegalensis and G. crassicaudatus) recently imported to the U.S.A. Laboratory Primate Newsletter, 24, 4.
Dutcher, B.W. & Schwartz, F.J. (1962) A preferential parasitic copepod-oyster Toadfish Association. Chesapeake Science, 3, 213–215.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1350999
Ehrenford, F.A. & Newberne, J.W. (1981) An aid to clinical diagnosis of tongue worms (Linguatula serrata) in dogs. Laboratory animal science, 31, 74–76.
Esslinger, J.H. (1962) Morphology of the egg and larva of Porocephalus crotali (Pentastomida). Journal of Parasitology, 48, 457–462.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3275216
Fain, A. (1961). Les pentastomides de l’Afrique centrale. Annales de Musée Royale de l’Afrique Centrale, 92, 1–115.
Fain, A. (1966) Pentastomida of snakes – their parasitological role in man and snakes. Mémoires Institut Butantan, Symposium lnternationale, 33, 167–174.
Fischthal, J.H. (1947) Parasites of northwest Wisconsin fishes I. The 1944 survey. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters, 37, 157–220.
Fischthal, J.H. (1950) Parasites of northwest Wisconsin fishes II. The 1945 survey. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters, 40, 87–113.
Fischthal, J.H. (1952) Parasites of northwest Wisconsin fishes III. The 1946 survey. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters, 41, 17–58.
Foster, G.W., Kinsella, J.M., Moler, P.E., Johnson, L.M. & Forrester, D.J. (1998) Parasites of Florida softshell turtles (Apalone ferox) from southeastern Florida. Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 65, 62–64.
Foster, G.W., Moler, P.E., Kinsella, J.M., Terrell, S.P. & Forrester, D.J. (2000) Parasites of eastern indigo snakes (Drymarchon corais couperi) from Florida, USA. Comparative Parasitology, 67, 124–128.
Frimeth, J.P. (1987) A survey of the parasites of nonanadromous and anadromous brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) in the Tabusintac River, New Brunswick, Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 1354–1362.
https://doi.org/10.1139/z87-215
Frölich, J. A. (1789). Beschreibungen einiger neuen Eingeweidewürmer. Der Naturforscher, 24, 101–162.
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (2019) FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. Available from: http://www.fishbase.org (accessed 20 February 2019)
García-Magaña, L. & López-Jiménez, S. (2008) Parásitos de peces de la reserva de la biosfera “Pantanos de Centla”, Tabasco: algunas recomendaciones para su prevención y control. Revista de Divulgación, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, 14, 13–21.
Gardiner, C.H., Dyke, J.W. & Shirley, S.F. (1984) Hepatic granuloma due to a nymph of Linguatula serrata in a woman from Michigan: a case report and review of the literature. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 33, 187–189.
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1984.33.187
Giglioli, G. S. (1922a). Armillifer brumpti n. sp., nouvelle espèce de linguatulide de Madagascar. Bulletin de la Sociètè de Pathologie Exotique, 15, 565–572.
Goin, C.J. & Ogren, L.H. (1956) Parasitic copepods (Argulidae) on amphibians. Journal of Parasitology, 42, 172.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3274731
Goldberg, S.R. & Bursey, C.R. (2004) Coelomic endoparasites in four species of colubrid snakes, Drymobius margaritiferus, Masticophis mentovarius, Salvadora mexicana and Trimorphodon tau from Mexico. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society, 40, 179–183.
Goldberg, S.R., Bursey, C.R. & Beaman, K.R. (2003) First reported occurrence of Porocephalus crotali (Pentastomida: Porocephalida) in the Santa Catalina Island rattleless rattlesnake. California Fish and Game, 89, 51–53.
Gomez-Puerta, L.A., Lopez-Urbina, M.T. & Gonzalez, A.E. (2011) Presence of Porocephalus clavatus (Arthropoda: Porocephalidae) in Peruvian Boidae snakes. Veterinary Parasitology, 181, 379–381.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.04.005
Gould, A.A. (1841) A report on the Invertebrata of Massachusetts, comprising the Mollusca, Crustacea, Annelida, and Radiata. Folsom, Wells and Thurston, Printers, Cambridge, 373 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.17646
Grube, E. (1853) Über den Bau von Peripatus edwardsii. Müller´s Archives of Anatomy and Physiology, 1, 322–360.
Haldeman, S.S. (1851) Invertebrates. In: Baird, S.F. (Eds.), Outlines of general zoology. Rudolph Garrigue, New York, pp. 220–400.
Hargis, W.J. (1958) The fish parasite Argulus laticauda as a fortuitous human epizoon. Journal of Parasitology, 44, 45.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3274826
Haugerud, R.E. (1989). Evolution in the pentastomids. Parasitology Today, 5, 126–132.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-4758(89)90055-0
Hazen, T.C., Aho, J.M., Murphy, T.M., Esch, G.W. & Schmidt, G.D. (1978) The parasite fauna of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) in South Carolina. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 14, 435–439.
https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-14.4.435
Hernández-Gómez, R.E., López-Jiménez, S., Perera-García, M.A., Cuenca-Soria, C.A., Castillo-Domínguez, A., Álvarez-González, C.A. & Melgar-Valdés, C.E. (2018) Registro de larvas de Sebekia sp. (Pentastomida: Sebekidae) en peces de la cuenca media del río Usumacinta, Tabasco, México. Investigación y Ciencia de la Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, 26, 5–12.
Hett, M.L. (1915) On some new pentastomids from the Zoological Society’s Gardens, London. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1915, 115–121.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1915.00115.x
Heymons, R. (1922) Beitrag zur Systematik und Morphologie der Zungenwürmer (Pentastomida). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 55, 154–167.
Heymons, R. (1926) Pentastomida. In: Kükenthal, W. & Krumbach, T. (Eds.), Handbuch der Zoologie; eine Naturgeschichte des Tierreichs. Vol. 3. First Half. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 69–128
Heymons, R. (1935) Pentastomida. In: Bronn, H.G. (Eds.), Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs. Vol. 5. Section 4. Book 1. Arthropoda, Arachnoidea. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft M.B.H., Leipzig, pp. 1–268.
Heymons, R. & Vitzhum, H.G. (1935) Neue und wenig bekannte Pentastomiden aus Amerika. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 109, 150–158.
Hill, H.R. (1935) New host records of the linguatulid, Kiricephalus coarctatus (Diesing) in the United States. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 34, 226–227.
Holl, F.J. (1928) A linguatulid parasite from North American fishes. Journal of Parasitology, 15, 63–66.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3271604
Hunter, W.S. & Higgins, R.P. (1960) An unusual case of human porocephaliasis. Journal of Parasitology, 48, 68.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3275336
Jackson, C.J. & Marcogliese, D.J. (1995) An unique association between Argulus alosae (Branchiura) and Mysis stenolepis (Mysidacea). Crustaceana, 68, 910–912.
https://doi.org/10.1163/156854095X02122
Jansen, M.E. & Burreson, E.M. (1990) Parasites of summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus, in the Chesapeake Bay. Journal of Helminthological Society of Washington, 57, 31–39.
Job, T.T. & Cooper, A.R. (1917) Notes on Porocephalus globicephalus. Journal of Parasitology, 3, 138.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3270918
Jones, T.L. & Circe, R.C. (1977) Occurrence of Argulus bicolor Bere, 1936 on Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus) from the Texas coast. Texas Journal of Science, 29, 301–302.
Keegan, H.L. (1943a) Observations on the pentastomid, Kiricephalus coarctatus (Diesing) Sambon 1910. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 62, 194–199.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3222921
Keegan, H.L. (1943b) Some host records from the parasitological collection of the state University of Iowa. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, New Series, 38, 54–57.
Kelehear, C., Spratt, D.M., Dubey, S., Brown, G.P. & Shine, R. (2011) Using combined morphological, allometric and molecular approaches to identify species of the genus Raillietiella (Pentastomida). PLoS One, 6, e24936.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0024936
Kellicott, D.S. (1877) Description of a new species of Argulus. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, 3, 214–216.
Kellicott, D.S. (1880) Argulus stizostethii. The American Journal of Microscopy and Popular Science, 5, 53–58.
Kellicott, D.S. (1886) A note on Argulus catastomi. Proceedings of the American Society of Microscopists, 8, 144.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3220474
Kinsella, J.M. (1974) Seasonal incidence of Porocephalus crotali (Pentastomida) in rice rats, Oryzomys palustris, from a Florida salt marsh. Journal of Medical Entomology, 11, 116–116.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/11.1.116
Kishida, K. (19289 A new linguatulid, Armillifer yoshidai, with notes on the Porocephalidae. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 11, 397–405.
Klauber, L.M. (1972) Rattlesnakes: their habits, life histories, and influence on mankind, 2nd Edition. University of California Press, Berkeley, 372 pp.
Knuckles, J.L. (1972) Ictalurus melas (Rafinesque), a new host for Argulus diversus (Wilson). The Journal of Parasitology, 58, 624.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3278219
Krøyer, H. (1863) Bidrag til Kunskab omSnyltekrebsene. Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, 3, 1– 352.
Lamarck, J.B. (1802) La nouvelle classes des Annélides. Bulletin du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, An X, Disc. d’ouverture, 27 Floréal. [reprinted in 1907 in Bulletin biologique de la France et de la Belgique 1960:1956]
LaMarre, E. & Cochran, P. A. (1992) Lack of host species selection by the exotic parasitic crustacean, Argulus japonicus. Journal of freshwater ecology, 7, 77–80.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.1992.9664672
Layne, J.N. (1967) Incidence of Porocephalus crotali (Pentastomida) in Florida mammals. Bulletin of the Wildlife Disease Association, 3, 105–109.
https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-3.3.105
Leach, W.E. (1819) Entomostracés, Entomostraca. Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles, 14, 524–543.
Leidy, J. (1850) Contributions to Helminthology. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Science, 5, 96–98.
Leidy, J. (1884) Pentastomum proboscideum. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 36, 140.
Lepage, D. & Warnier, J. (2014) The Peters’ Check-list of the Birds of the World (1931–1987) Database. Avibase, the World Database. Available from: https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/avibase.jsp?lang=EN (accessed 25 June 2019)
Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae, per regna tria naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Ed. decima, reformata. I, Regnum animale. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae, 824 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542
Lozano-Fernandez, J., Giacomelli, M., Fleming, J.F., Chen, A., Vinther, J., Thomsen, P.F., Glenner, H., Palero F., Legg D.A., Iliffe T.M., Pisani, D. & Olesen, J. (2019) Pancrustacean evolution illuminated by taxon-rich genomic-scale data sets with an expanded remipede sampling. Genome Biology and Evolution, 11, 2055–2070.
https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evz097
Mapp, E.M. & Goldman, L.H. (1976) Roentgen diagnosis of Armillifer armillatus infestation (porocephalosis) in man. Journal of the National Medical Association, 68, 198–200.
Marshall, W.S., Cozzi, R.R.F. & Strapps, C. (2008) Fish louse Argulus funduli (Crustacea: Branchiura) ectoparasites of the euryhaline teleost host, Fundulus heteroclitus, damage the ion-transport capacity of the opercular epithelium. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 86, 1252–1258.
https://doi.org/10.1139/Z08-108
Martin, J.W. & Davis, G.E. (2001) An updated classification of the recent Crustacea. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 39, 1–124.
Mayer, J., Hensel, P., Mejia-Fava, J., Brandão, J. & Divers, S. (2013) The use of Lufenuron to treat fish lice (Argulus sp.) in Koi (Cyprinus carpio). Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine, 22, 65–69.
https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2012.12.010
McAllister, C.T., Poly W.J., Cloutman D.G., Robinson, H.W. & Hill, M.K. (2016) Argulus spp. (Crustacea: Branchiura) of Fishes from Arkansas and Oklahoma: New Geographic Distribution Records. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Sciences, 96, 70–72.
Meehean, O. L. (1937) Additional notes on Argulus trilineatus (Wilson). Ohio Journal of Science, 37, 288–293.
Meehean, O.L. (1940) A review of the parasitic Crustacea of the genus Argulus in the collections of the United States National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 88, 459–522.
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.88-3087.459
Mercado-Reyes, M., Berumen de la Torre, V., Pérez-Vargas, J.E., Haro-Arteaga, I. & Tavizón-García, P. (2000) Pentastomosis canina por Linguatula serrata en Zacatecas. Investigación Científica, 1, 23–27.
Miller, M.A., Kinsella, J.M., Snow, R.W., Hayes, M.M., Falk, B.G., Reed, R.N., Mazzotti, F.J., Guyer, C. & Romagosa, C.M. (2018) Parasite spillover: indirect effects of invasive Burmese pythons. Ecology and Evolution, 8, 830–840.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3557
Milne Edwards, H. (1840). Ordre des Copepodes. Histoire naturelle des Crustaces, comprenant l’anatomie, la physiologie et la classification de ces animaux, 3, 411– 529.
Moore, E.R. & Moore, G.C. (1947) The helminth parasites of cottontail rabbits in Alabama, with notes on the arthropod Linguatula serrata. Journal of Mammalogy, 28, 279–284.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1375177
Morales-Serna, F.N., Rodríguez-Santiago, M.A., Gelabert, R. & Flores-Morales, L.M. (2019) Parasites of fish Poecilia velifera and their potential as bioindicators of wetland restoration progress. Helgoland Marine Research, 3, 1.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s10152-019-0522-1
Müller, O. F. (1785) Entomostraca seu Insecta Testacea, quae in aquis Daniæ et Norvegiæ reperit, descripsit et iconibus illustravit. Symtibus Bibliopolii J.G. Mülleriani, Leipzig and Copenhagen, 135 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.14414
Mueller, J.F. (1936) Notes on some parasitic copepods and a mite, chiefly from Florida fresh water fishes. The American Midland Naturalist, 17, 807–815.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2420688
Munroe, S.E., Avery, T.S., Shutler, D. & Dadswell, M.J. (2011) Spatial attachment-site preferences of macroectoparasites on Atlantic sturgeons Acipenser oxyrinchus in Minas Basin, Bay of Fundy, Canada. Journal of Parasitology, 97, 377–384.
https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-2592.1
Neethling, L.A. & Avenant-Oldewage, A. (2016) Branchiura—a compendium of the geographical distribution and a summary of their biology. Crustaceana, 89, 1243–1446.
https://doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003597
Noga, E.J., Wright, J.F., Levine, J.F., Dykstra, M.J. & Hawkins, J.H. (1991) Dermatological diseases affecting fishes of the Tar-Pamlico Estuary, North Carolina. Diseases of aquatic organisms, 10, 87–92.
https://doi.org/10.3354/dao010087
Olson, J.A. (1972) Argulus melanostictus and other parasitic crustacenas on the California grunion, Leuresthes tenuis (Osteichthyes: Atherinidae). Journal of Parasitology, 58, 1201–1204.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3278165
Overstreet, R.M., Self, J.T. & Vliet, K.A. (1985) The Pentastomid Sebekia mississippiensis sp. n. in the American Alligator and Other Hosts. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 52, 266–277.
Pearse, A.S. (1924) The parasites of lake fishes. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters, 21, 161–194.
Pearse, A.S. (1953) Parasitic crustaceans from Alligator Harbor, Florida. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences, 15, 187–243.
Peláez, D. & Julia, J.Z. (1983) Pentastómidos de México. I. Porocefalosis en serpientes (Comunicación preliminar). (Pentastomida: Porocephalida y Reptilia: Squamata). Anales de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, 27, 29–37.
Pence, D.B. (1973) Reighardia sternae (Cephalobaenidae: Rheighardiidae) a pentastome from gulls and terns in Louisiana. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 40, 164–165.
Pence, D.B. & Selcer, K.W. (1988) Effects of pentastome infection on reproduction in a southern Texas population of the Mediterranean gecko, Hemidactylus turcicus. Copeia, 3, 565–572.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1445374
Pérez-Flores, J., Lagunas-Calvo, O., González-Solis, D. & Oceguera-Figueroa A. (2019) First molecular characterization of Linguatula recurvata (Pentastomida) and first record in Baird’s Tapir (Tapirus bairdii) from Calakmul, Mexico. Comparative Parasitology, 86, 135–141.
https://doi.org/10.1654/1525-2647-86.2.135
Pérez-Losada, M., Høeg, J.T. & Crandall, K.A. (2012) Deep phylogeny and character evolution in Thecostraca (Crustacea: Maxillopoda). Integrative and Comparative Biology, 52, 430–442.
https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/ics051
Pineda-López, R. & García-Magaña, L. (1991) Hallazgo de ninfas de pentastómidos en Ictalurus meridionalis (Pisces: Ictaluridae) en el Río San Pedro, Balancán, Tabasco. Nota de investigación. Universidad y Ciencia, 8, 97–100.
Pineda-López, R., Paramo, S. & Del Rio, R. (1995) A new species of the genus Argulus (Crustacea: Branchiura) parasitic on Atractosteus tropicus (Pisces: Lepisosteidae) from Tabasco, Mexico. Systematic Parasitology, 30, 199–206.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00010470
Poly, W.J. (1997) Host and locality records of the fish ectoparasite, Argulus (Branchiura), from Ohio (USA). Crustaceana, 70, 867–874.
https://doi.org/10.1163/156854097X00483
Poly, W.J. (1998) New state, host, and distribution records of the fish ectoparasite, Argulus (Branchiura), from Illinois (USA). Crustaceana, 71, 1–8.
https://doi.org/10.1163/156854098X00734
Poly, W.J. (2003) Argulus ambystoma, a new species parasitic on the salamander Ambystoma dumerilii from Mexico (Crustacea: Branchiura: Argulidae). Ohio Journal of Science, 103, 52–61.
Poly, W.J. (2005) Argulus yucatanus n. sp. (Crustacea: Branchiura) parasitic on Cichlasoma urophthalmus from Yucatan, Mexico. Gulf and Caribbean Research, 17, 1–13.
https://doi.org/10.18785/gcr.1701.01
Poly, W.J. (2008) Global diversity of fishlice (Crustacea: Branchiura: Argulidae) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia, 595, 209–212.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9015-3
Poly, W.J. (2009) Chapter 46: Branchiura (Crustacea) of the Gulf of Mexico. In: Felder, D.L. & Camp, D.K. (Eds.), Gulf of Mexico: Origin, Waters, and Biota. Vol. 1. Biodiversity. Texas A & M University Press, College Station, Texas, pp. 837–840.
Poore, G.C. (2012) The nomenclature of the recent Pentastomida (Crustacea), with a list of species and available names. Systematic Parasitology, 82, 211–240.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-012-9363-x
Popielarczyk, R. & Kolman, R. (2013) Preliminary analysis of ectoparasites of the sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus (Mitchill, 1815) originating from different water habitats. Annals of Parasitology, 59, 139–141.
Poulin, R. & FitzGerald, G. J. (1987) The potential of parasitism in the structuring of a salt marsh stickleback community. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 2793–2798.
https://doi.org/10.1139/z87-421
Poulin, R. & FitzGerald, G.J. (1989) Risk of parasitism and microhabitat selection in juvenile sticklebacks. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 67, 14–18.
https://doi.org/10.1139/z89-003
Prathap, K., Lau, K.S. & Bolton, J.M. (1969) Pentastomiasis: a common finding at autopsy among Malaysian aborigines. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 18, 20–27.
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1969.18.20
Price, R.L. & Buttner, J. K. (1980) First reported occurrence of Argulus mississippiensis (Crustacea: Branchiura) from Illinois. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science, 72, 8.
Price, R.L. & Jilek, R. (1980) Parasites of the gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedianum Lesuer, from two Southern Illinois lakes. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science, 72, 51–52.
Puffer, H.W. & Beal, M.L. (1981) Control of parasitic infestations in killifish (Fundulus parvipinnis). Laboratory Animal Science, 31, 200–201.
Reese, D.J., Kinsella, J.M., Zdziarski, J.M., Zeng, Q.Y. & Greiner, E.C. (2004) Parasites in 30 Captive Tokay Geckos, Gekko gecko. Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery, 14, 21–25.
https://doi.org/10.5818/1529-9651.14.2.21
Rego, A.A. (1984) Sinopse dos pentastomídeos da região neotropical. Garcia de Orta, Série Zoologia, 11, 45–56.
Rendtorff, R.C., Deweese, M.W. & Murrah, W. (1962) The occurrence of Linguatula serrata, a pentastomid, within the human eye. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 11, 762–764.
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1962.11.762
Richardson, D.J., Owen, W.B. & Snyder, D.E. (1992) Helminth parasites of the raccoon (Procyon lotor) from north-central Arkansas. Journal of Parasitology, 78, 163–166.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3283710
Riley, J., Haugerud, R.E. & Nilssen, A.C. (1987) A new species of pentastomid from the nasal passages of the reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in northern Norway, with speculation about its life-cycle. Journal of Natural History, 21, 707–716.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938700770401
Riley, J., McAllister, C.T. & Freed, P.S. (1988) Raillietiella teagueselfi n. sp. (Pentastomida: Cephalobaenida) from the Mediterranean gecko, Hemidactylus turcicus (Sauria: Gekkonidae), in Texas. Journal of Parasitology, 74, 481–486.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3282059
Riley, J., Spratt, D.M. & Winch, J.M. (1990) A revision of the genus Sebekia Sambon, 1922 (Pentastomida) from crocodilians with descriptions of five new species. Systematic Parasitology, 16, 1–25.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00009598
Riley, J. & Self, J.T. (1979) On the systematics of the pentastomid genus Porocephalus (Humboldt, 1811) with descriptions of two new species. Systematic Parasitology, 1, 25–42.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00009772
Riley, J. & Self, J.T. (1980) On the systematics and life-cycle of the pentastomid genus Kiricephalus Sambon, 1922 with descriptions of three new species. Systematic Parasitology, 1, 127–140.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00009859
Riley, J. & Self, J.T. (1981) A redescription of Waddycephalus teretiusculus (Baird, 1862) Sambon, 1922 and a revision of the taxonomy of the genus Waddycephalus (Sambon, 1922), pentastomid parasites of Asian, Australian and Indonesian snakes, with descriptions of eight new species. Systematic Parasitology, 3, 243–257.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00014856
Roberts, L.S. (1957) Parasites of the carp, Cyprinus carpio L. in Lake Taxoma, Oklahoma. Journal of Parasitology, 43, 54.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3274756
Salgado-Maldonado, G., Pineda-López, R., Vidal-Martinez, V.M. & Kennedy, C.R. (1997) A checklist of metazoan parasites of cichlid fishes from Mexico. Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 64, 195–207.
Sambon, L.W. (1922) A synopsis of the family Linguatulidae. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 25, 188–206.
Sandeman, J.M. & Pippy, J.H.C. (1967) Parasites of freshwater fishes Salmonidae and Coregonidae of insular Newfoundland. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 24, 1911–1943.
https://doi.org/10.1139/f67-158
Santos-Bustos, NG., Violante-González, J., Monks, S., Rojas-Herrera, A. A., García-Ibáñez, S., Flores-Rodríguez, P., Almazán-Núñez, R.C. & Moreno-Díaz, G. (2018) Species richness and similarity of metazoan parasite communities in three species of leatherjacket (Oligoplites: Pisces: Carangidae) from the Pacific coast of Mexico. Invertebrate Biology, 137, 205–220.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ivb.12220
Schacher, J.F. & Biagi, F. (1966) Primer hallazgo de Linguatula serrata en México. Revista de investigación en Salud Pública, 26, 269–281.
Schumacher, R.E. (1952) Argulus outbreaks in Minnesota lakes. The Progressive Fish-Culturist, 14, 70.
https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1952)14[70:AOIML]2.0.CO;2
Schwab, D. (1985) Tongue worms (Pentastomida) in a northern copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen (Daudin)) from the Great Dismal swamp, Virginia. Catesbeiana, 5, 14.
Scott, T.P., Simcik, S.R. & Craig, T.M. (1997) Endohelminths of American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) from southeast Texas. Journal of Helminthological Society of Washington, 64, 258–262.
Selcer, W.K. (1987) Factors affecting reproductive output of Mediterranean geckos, Hemidactylus turcicus (Sauria: Gekkonidae). Dissertation Abstracts International B Sciences and Engineering, 47, 4036.
Self, J.T. & McMurry F.B. (1947) Porocephalus crotali Humboldt (Pentastomida) in Oklahoma. Journal of Parasitology, 34, 21–23.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3273238
Self, J.T. (1969) Biological relationships of the Pentastomida; a bibliography on the Pentastomida. Experimental Parasitology, 24, 63–119.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-4894(69)90222-7
Self, J.T. & Kuntz, R.E. (1960). Pentastomida from reptiles of Lan Yü Island (Taiwan), with a description of Raillietiella hebitihamata n. sp. Journal of Parasitology, 46, 885–887.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3275555
Self, J.T. & McMurry, F B. (1948) Porocephalus crotali Humboldt (Pentastomida) in Oklahoma. Journal of Parasitology, 34, 21–23.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3273238
Shimura, S. & Asai, M. (1984) Argulus americanus (Crustacea: Branchiura) parasitic on the bowfin, Amia calva, imported from North America. Fish Pathology, 18, 199–203.
https://doi.org/10.3147/jsfp.18.199
Shipley, A.E. (1905) Notes on ento-parasites from the Zoological Gardens, London, and elsewhere. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1, 248–253.
Slocombe, J.O.D. & Budd, J. (1973) Armillifer brumpti (Pentastomida) in a boa in Canada. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 9, 352–355.
https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-9.4.352
Smith, S.I. (1873) Catalogue of the marine invertebrate animals of the southern coast of New England, and adjacent waters. In: Verrill, A.E. & Smith, S.I. (Eds.), Report upon the invertebrate animals of Vineyard Sound and adjacent waters, with an account of the physical features of the region. Extracted from: Report of Professor S.F. Baird, Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries, on the condition of the sea-fisheries of the south coast of New England in 1871 and 1872. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., pp. 537–778 (243–453), pls. 1–38.
Soes, D. M., Walker, P.D. & Kruijt, D.B. (2010) The Japanese fish louse Argulus japonicus new for The Netherlands. Lauterbornia, 70, 11 –17.
Steinbach, H.L. & Johnstone, H.G. (1957) The roentgen diagnosis of Armillifer infection (porocephalosis) in man. Radiology, 68, 234–237.
https://doi.org/10.1148/68.2.234
Stiles, C.W. (1895). On the recent occurrence of Linguatula rhinaria Railliet, 1886, and Taenia echinococcus V. Siebold, 1853, in the United States of North America. Transactions of the First Pan-American Medical Congress Washington, 2, 1163–1165.
Stunkard, H.W. & Gandal, C.P. (1968) Pentastomes Waddycephalus teretiusculus (Baird 1862) Sambon 1922 and Parasambonia bridgesi n. gen. n. sp. from lungs of Australian snake Pseudechis porphyriacus. Zoologica, 53, 49–56.
Suárez-Morales, E. & Gasca, R. (1997) Argulus flavescens (Crustacea: Arguloida), parasite of Sphoeroides testudineus (Osteichthyes: Tetraodontidae) in Quintana Roo, Mexico. Revista de Biología Tropical, 45, 1270–1271.
Suárez-Morales, E., Kim, I.H. & Castellanos, I. (1997) A new geographic and host record for Argulus flavescens Wilson, 1916 (Crustacea, Arguloida), from southeastern Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science, 62, 293–296.
Sung, H. & Tellez, M. (2016) Spatial variation of parasite infracommunities in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). The Southwestern Naturalist, 61, 324–328.
https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-61.4.324
Sutherland, D.R. & Wittrock, D.D. (1986) Surface topography of the branchiuran Argulus appendiculosus Wilson, 1907 as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, 72, 405–415.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00928751
Szalai, A.J. & Dick, T.A. (1991) Evaluation of gill nets, fyke nets, and mark-recapture methods to estimate the number of Hirudinea and Crustacea on fish. Journal of Parasitology, 77, 914–922.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3282741
Tellez, M., Haghighi, A. & Lavihim, M. (2014) Distribution and abundance of Sebekia mississippiensis (Sebekidae) in the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis. Comparative Parasitology, 81, 232–239.
https://doi.org/10.1654/4690.1
Thiele, J. (1900) Diagnosen neuer Arguliden-Arten. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 22, 46–48.
Thiele, J. (1904) Beiträge zur Morphologie der Arguliden. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 4, 1–51.
Thorell, T. (1864). Om tvenne Europeiska Argulider; jemte anmärkningar om Argulidernas morfologi och systematiska ställning, samt en öfversigt af de för närvarande kända arterna af denna familj. Oefversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademien Förhandlingar, 1, 7–72.
Tidd, W.M. (1931) A list of parasitic copepods and their fish hosts from Lake Erie. Ohio Journal of Science, 31, 453–454.
Tobie, J.E., Edgcomb, J.H. & Freireich, E.J. (1957) Tongue worm (Linguatula serrata) infestation in a patient with acute leukemia. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 28, 628–33.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/28.6.628
Trainer Jr., J.E., Self, J.T. & Richter, K.M. (1975) Ultrastructure of Porocephalus crotali (Pentastomida) cuticle with phylogenetic implications. Journal of Parasitology, 61, 753–758.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3279479
Ubelaker, J.E., Griffin, B.S., Konicke, G.M., Abdullah, N., Mouhaffel, A., Duszynski, D. & Harrison, R.L. (2015) Metazoan Endoparasites of the Gray Fox, Urocyon cinereoargenteus from New Mexico. Journal of Parasite Biodiversity, Occasional Papers, No 1, 1–7. [ISSN 2470-8224]
https://doi.org/10.13014/K2G44N6V
Uetz, P., Freed, P. & Hošek, J. (2019). The Reptile Database. Available from: http://www.reptile-database.org (accessed 29 June 2019)
Van Rompaey, H. (1988) Diseases and parasites of the binturong. In: Robinson, P. (Eds.), Regional studybook of the binturong (Arctictis binturong) on the British Isles. Published by the author, Southport, Merseyside, pp. 1–41.
Vaney, M.C. & Sambon, L.W. (1910) Preliminary notes on three new species of tongue worms (Linguatulidae), in the collection of the ‘‘Museum d’Histoire Naturelle’’, Paris. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 3, 129–154.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0035-9203(10)90092-8
Venard, C.E. & Bangham, R.V. (1941) Sebekia oxycephala (Pentastomida) from Florida fishes and some notes on the morphology of the larvae. Ohio Journal of Science, 41, 23–28.
Violante-González, J., Aguirre-Macedo, M.L. & Mendoza-Franco, E.F. (2007) A checklist of metazoan parasites of fish from Tres Palos Lagoon, Guerrero, Mexico. Parasitology Research, 102, 151–161.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-007-0733-2
Von Humboldt, A.F.W. (1812) Sur un ver intestin trouvé dans les poumons du serpent à sonettes, de Cumana. In: Von Humboldt, A.F.W. & Bonpland, A. (Eds.), Voyage de Humboldt, Partie F. Recueil d’observations de zoologie et d’anatomie comparée, faites dans l’Océan Atlantique, dans l’intérieur du nouveau continent et dans le mer du sud pendant les années 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802 et 1803. Vol. 1. F. Schoell et G. Dufor, Paris, pp. 298–304.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.43770
Voth, D.R. & Larson, O.R. (1968) Metazoan Parasites of Some Fishes from Goose River, North Dakota.The American Midland Naturalist, 79, 216–224.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2423167
Wafer, L.N., Whitney, J.C. & Jensen, V.B. (2015) Fish lice (Argulus japonicus) in goldfish (Carassius auratus). Comparative Medicine, 65, 93–95.
Waloszek, D., Repetski, J.E. & Maas, A. (2006) A new Late Cambrian pentastomid and a review of the relationships of this parasitic group. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences, 96, 163–176.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263593300001280
Ward, H.B. (1899) On Reighardia, a new genus of Linguatulidae. Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 48, 254.
Watson, R.A. & Dick, T.A. (1979) Metazoan parasites of whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis (Mitchill) and cisco C. artedii LeSueur from Southern Indian Lake, Manitoba. Journal of Fish Biology, 15, 579–587.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1979.tb03648.x
Weinstein, S.B. & Kuris, A.M (2016) Independent origins of parasitism in Animalia. Biology Letters, 12 (7), 20160324.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0324
Wilson, C.B. (1902) North American parasitic copepods of the family Argulidae: With a bibliography of the group and a systematic review of all known species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 25, 635–742.
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.25-1302.635
Wilson, C.B. (1907) Additional notes on the development of the Argulidae with descriptions of a new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 32, 411–424.