Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Articles
Published: 2013-01-08
Page range: 361–370
Abstract views: 21
PDF downloaded: 1

Preimaginal morphology of the genera Salpingogaster Schiner, 1868 and Eosalpingogaster Hull, 1949 (Diptera: Syrphidae), with its systematic implications

Instituto Universitario CIBIO (Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad), Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Decanato de Agronomía. Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado. Tarabana, Lara, Apartado 400, Venezuela
Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig. Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
Instituto Universitario CIBIO (Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad), Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
Diptera hover flies flower flies immature stages puparium description

Abstract

The puparium of Salpingogaster nigra and Eosalpingogaster umbra are described, and diagnosis and illustrations are provided. The morphology of immature stages of the genera Salpingogaster and Eosalpingogaster are studied and compared for the first time. The results are in agreement with previous molecular analyses that recognise both genera as valid. We found two different puparium morphotypes for E. umbra and discuss the improbability of immature sexual dimorphism in this species. An identification key is also provided for all species with known puparia.

References

  1. Blanchard, E.E. (1938) Descripciones y anotaciones de Dípteros Argentinos. Anales de la Sociedad Científica Argentina, 126, 345–386.

    Bruch, C. (1923) Observaciones biológicas acerca de Salpingogaster nigriventris Bigot (Diptero-Sírfido). Physis (Revista de la Sociedad Argentina de Ciencias Naturales), 7, 1–6.

    Calderón, M., Arango, G. & Varela, F. (1982) Cercópidos plagas de los pastos en América Tropical. Biología y Control: guía de estudio para ser usada como complemento de la Unidad Audio-tutorial sobre el mismo tema. Serie 04SP-03.02. Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), 51 pp.

    Castro, U., Morales, A. & Peck, D.C. (2005) Dinámica Poblacional y Fenología del Salivazo de los Pastos Zulia carbonaria (Lallemand) (Homoptera: Cercopidae) en el Valle Geográfico del Río Cauca, Colombia. Neotropical Entomology, 34, 459–470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566X2005000300015

    De Santis, L. & Sureda, A. (1988) Nota sobre un encírtido neotropical (Hymenoptera) parasitoide de dípteros sírfidos. Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil, 17, 217–220.

    Guagliumi, P. (1971) Lucha integrada contra las “cigarrinhas” (Homopt.: Cercopidae) en el Noroeste del Brasil. Anales 1er Congreso latinoamericano de Entomología. Revista Peruana de Entomología, 14, 361–368.

    Guppy, P.L. (1913) Life-history of syrphid fly predaceous on froghopper nymphs. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture, Trinidad & Tobago, 12, 159–161.

    Guppy, P.L. (1914) Sugar: Breeding and Colonizing the Syrphid. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture, Trinidad & Tobago, 13, 217–227.

    Guppy, P.L. (1915) The Syrphid Fly. Notes for the guidance of planters in dealing with supplies of eggs and adults forwarded for colonizing purposes. Circular of the Department of Agriculture, Trinidad & Tobago, No. 2, 2 pp.

    Hull, F.M. (1949) The morphology and inter-relationship of the genera of syrphid flies, recent and fossil. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 26, 257–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1949.tb00224.x

    Knutson, L.V. (1971) Puparia of Salpingogaster conopida and S. texana, with notes on prey (Diptera: Syrphidae). Entomological News, 82, 29–38.

    Koller, W.W. (1988) Ocorrência de cigarrinha-das-pasta-gens e de seu predador natural Salpingogaster nigra Schiner sob o efeito de sombreamento. Campo Grande, EMBRAPA-CNPGC, Documentos 37, 18 pp.

    Lahille, F. (1907) La langosta y sus moscas parasitarias. Anexo. Anales del Ministerio de Agricultura (Argentina), 3, 119–123.

    Láska, P., Bicik, V., Dusek, J., Mazánek, L. & Holinka, J. (2000) Description of the puparia of Afrosyrphus varipes and Dideopsis aegrotus (Diptera, Syrphidae). Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis Facultas rerum naturalium, 38, 79–83.

    Lastra Borja, L.A. (2010) Biblioteca digital Ceniaca (Sector agroindustrial, Banco de imágenes). Available from: http://bibliotecadigital.cenicana.org:8080/handle/ item/214 (5 August 2012).

    Marques, I.M.R. (1988) Distribução de Salpingogaster nigra Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Syrphidae) predador específico de ninfas de cigarrinhas da raiz em algumas regiões do Brasil. Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil, 17, 67–74.

    Mengual, X. & Thompson F.C. (2011) Carmine cochineal killers: the flower fly genus Eosalpingogaster Hull (Diptera: Syrphidae) revised. Systematic Entomology, 36, 713–731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00588.x

    Mengual, X., Ståhls, G. & Rojo, S. (2008a) Molecular phylogeny of Allograpta (Diptera, Syrphidae) reveals diversity of lineages and non-monophyly of phytophagous taxa. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 49, 715–727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.09.011

    Mengual, X., Ståhls, G. & Rojo, S. (2008b) First phylogeny of predatory hoverflies (Diptera, Syrphidae, Syphinae) using mitochondrial COI and nuclear 28S rRNA genes: conflict and congruence with the current tribal classification. Cladistics, 24, 543–562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00200.x

    Mengual, X., Ståhls, G. & Rojo, S. (2012) Is the mega-diverse genus Ocyptamus (Diptera, Syrphidae) monophyletic? Evidence from molecular characters including the secondary structure of 28S rRNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 62, 191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2011.09.014

    Musa, J.L. (1974) The immature stages of Asarkina ericetorum (F.) (Dipt., Syrphidae) in Northern Nigeria. The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 110, 109–110.

    Nachappa, P., Guillebeau, L.P., Braman, S.K. & All, J.N. (2006) Susceptibility of two-lined spittlebug (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) life stages to entomophagous arthropods in turfgrass. Journal of Economic Entomology, 99, 1711–1716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0022-0493-99.5.1711

    Pickles, A. (1932) Notes on the natural enemies of the sugar-cane froghopper (Tomaspis saccharina, Dist.) in Trinidad, with descriptions of new species. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 23, 203–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300004107

    Pickles, A. (1933) Entomological contributions to the study of the sugar-cane froghopper. I. The study of biotic factors of control. Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad), 10, 222–223.

    Pickles, A. (1938) Entomological contribution to the study of the sugar-cane froghopper. III. Observations of the study of certain neotropical species of Tomaspis (Homoptera: Cercopidae). Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad), 15, 56–65.

    Pansarin, E.R. (2008) Reproductive biology and pollination of Govenia utriculata: A syrphid fly orchid pollinated through a pollen-deceptive mechanism. Plant Species Biology, 23, 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-1984.2008.00210.x

    Rojo, S., Gilbert, F., Marcos-García, M.A., Nieto, J.M. & Mier, M.P. (2003) A World Review of Predatory Hoverflies (Diptera, Syrphidae: Syrphinae) and their Prey. CIBIO Ediciones, Alicante, 319 pp.

    Rotheray, G.E. & Gilbert, F. (1989) The phylogeny and systematics of European predacious Syrphidae (Diptera) based on larval and puparial stages. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 95, 29–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1989.tb02222.x

    Rotheray, G.E. (1991) Larval stages of 17 rare poorly known British hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae). Journal of Natural History, 25, 945–969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222939100770621

    Rotheray, G.E. (1993) Colour guide to Hoverfly larvae (Diptera, Syrphidae) in Britain and Europe. Dipterists Digest, 9, 1–155.

    Sack, P. (1920) Die Gattungen Salpingogaster Schiner und Meromacrus Rondani. Zoologische Jahrbüchern (Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere), 43, 235–272.

    Sack, P. (1921) Dr. L. Zürcher’s Dipteren-Ausbeute aus Paraguay: Syrphiden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte (Abteilung A), 87, 127–149.

    Silva, A.G.A., Gonçalves, C.R., Galvão, D.M., Gonçalves, A.J.L., Gomes, J., Silva, M.D. & Simoni, L. (1968) Quarto catálogo dos insetos que vivem nas plantas do Brasil, seus parasitos e predadores. Parte II, 1º Tomo. Insetos, Hospedeiros e Inimigos naturais. Ministerio da Agricultura, Departamento de Defensa e Inspeção Agropecuaria, Rio de Janeiro, 622 pp.

    Thompson, F.C. (1999) A key to the genera of the flower flies of the Neotropical Region including the descriptions of genera and species and a glossary of taxonomic terms. Contributions on Entomology, International, 3, 319–378.

    Thompson, F.C. & Zumbado, M.A. (2000) Flower flies of the subgenus Ocyptamus (Mimocalla Hull) (Diptera: Syrphidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 102, 773–793.

    Thompson, F.C., Vockeroth, J.R. & Sedman, Y.S. (1976) Family Syrphidae. In: Papavero, N. (Eds), Catalog of the Diptera of America south of the United States. Museu de Zoologiea, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, pp. 46.1–46.195.

    Thompson, F.C., Rotheray, G.E. & Zumbado, M.A. (2010) Family Syrphidae. In: B.V. Brown et al. (Eds), Manual of Central America Diptera, Vol. 2. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, pp. 763–792.

    Vockeroth, J.R. & Thompson, F.C. (1987) Family Syrphidae. In: McAlpine, J.F. (Eds), Manual of Nearctic Diptera, Vol. 2. Agriculture Canada, Canadian. Government Publishing Centre, Hull, Quebec, pp. 713–743.