Aparup Khatua
ABSTRACT
Prior refugee-related studies have primarily examined social media deliberations to probe societal opinions around a specific refugee event. Contrarily, our study attempts to identify the various stages of their journey from displacement to emplacement in the host nation. We draw insights from Gennep's seminal work, i.e., Les Rites de Passage, to identify four phases of the refugee journey: Arrival of Refugees, Temporal stay at Asylums, Rehabilitation, and Integration of Refugees into the host nation. To test our proposed framework, we have collected multimodal tweets from April 15, 2020, to March 15, 2021. A fusion of BERT+LSTM (for text inputs) and InceptionV4 (for image inputs) has reported an F1-score of 80.93%. Subsequently, to test the practical implication of our proposed model in real-time, we have considered the multimodal tweets related to the 2022 Ukrainian refugee crisis. An F1-score of 71.88 % for this 2022 crisis confirms the generalizability of our proposed framework.
- Victoria Abou-Khalil, Samar Helou, Brendan Flanagan, Niels Pinkwart, and Hiroaki Ogata. 2019. Language learning tool for refugees: Identifying the language learning needs of Syrian refugees through participatory design. Languages 4, no. 3: 71.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- Rebecca Adler-Nissen, Katrine Emilie Andersen, and Lene Hansen. 2020. Images, emotions, and international politics: the death of Alan Kurdi." Review of International Studies 46, no. 1: 75-95.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Firoj Alam, Ferda Ofli, and Muhammad Imran. 2018. Crisismmd: Multimodal twitter datasets from natural disasters. In 12th ICWSMGoogle Scholar
- Mohamad Alloush, J. Edward Taylor, Anubhab Gupta, Ruben Irvin Rojas Valdes, and Ernesto Gonzalez-Estrada. 2017. Economic life in refugee camps. World Development 95: 334-347.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Tadas Baltrušaitis, Chaitanya Ahuja, and Louis-Philippe Morency. 2018. Multimodal machine learning: A survey and taxonomy. IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence 41, no. 2: 423-443.Google Scholar
- Michelle J. Bellino, and Sarah Dryden-Peterson. 2019. Inclusion and exclusion within a policy of national integration: Refugee education in Kenya's Kakuma Refugee Camp. British Journal of Sociology of Education 40, no. 2: 222-238.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Gadi BenEzer, and Roger Zetter. 2015. Searching for directions: Conceptual and methodological challenges in researching refugee journeys." Journal of Refugee Studies 28, no. 3: 297-318.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Philipp Blandfort, Desmond U. Patton, William R. Frey, Svebor Karaman, Surabhi Bhargava, Fei-Tzin Lee, Siddharth Varia 2019. Multimodal social media analysis for gang violence prevention. In Proceedings of the ICWSM, vol. 13, pp. 114-124.Google Scholar
- Cigdem Bozdag, and Kevin Smets. 2017. Understanding the images of Alan Kurdi with “small data”: A qualitative, comparative analysis of tweets about refugees in Turkey and Flanders (Belgium). International Journal of Communication 11: 24.Google Scholar
- Sarah Castle, and Aisse Diarra. 2003. The international migration of young Malians: tradition, necessity or rite of passage. Available at https://sarahcastle.co.uk/docs/Traffickingreport_final_October.pdfGoogle Scholar
- Jia Deng, Wei Dong, Richard Socher, Li-Jia Li, Kai Li, and Li Fei-Fei. 2009. Imagenet: A large-scale hierarchical image database. In 2009 IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp. 248-255.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, and Kristina Toutanova. 2018. Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding." arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.04805Google Scholar
- Ignazio Gallo, Gianmarco Ria, Nicola Landro, and Riccardo La Grassa. 2020. Image and Text fusion for UPMC Food-101 using BERT and CNNs." In 2020 35th International Conference on Image and Vision Computing New Zealand (IVCNZ), pp. 1-6. IEEE.Google Scholar
- Kaiming He, Xiangyu Zhang, Shaoqing Ren, and Jian Sun. 2016. Deep residual learning for image recognition. In Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp. 770-778. 2016.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Yasmin Ibrahim. 2018. The unsacred and the spectacularized: Alan Kurdi and the Migrant Body." Social Media+ Society 4, no. 4: 2056305118803884.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Fary Khan, and Bhasker Amatya. 2017. Refugee health and rehabilitation: challenges and response." Journal of rehabilitation medicine 49, no. 5: 378-384.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Aparup Khatua, and Wolfgang Nejdl. 2021. Analyzing European Migrant-related Twitter Deliberations. In Companion Proceedings of the Web ConferenceGoogle ScholarDigital Library
- Aparup Khatua, and Wolfgang Nejdl. 2021. Struggle to Settle down! Examining the Voices of Migrants and Refugees on Twitter Platform. In Companion Publication of the 2021 Conference on CSCWGoogle ScholarDigital Library
- Aparup Khatua, and Wolfgang Nejdl. 2022. Unraveling Social Perceptions & Behaviors towards Migrants on Twitter. In Proceedings of ICWSMGoogle Scholar
- Nigar G. Khawaja, Omar Ibrahim, and Robert D. Schweitzer. 2017. Mental wellbeing of students from refugee and migrant backgrounds: The mediating role of resilience. School Mental Health 9, no. 3: 284-293.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Ramona Kreis. 2017. # refugeesnotwelcome: Anti-refugee discourse on Twitter." Discourse & Communication 11, no. 5: 498-514.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Alessandro Monsutti. 2007. Migration as a rite of passage: Young Afghans building masculinity and adulthood in Iran." Iranian Studies 40, no. 2: 167-185.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Thomas Olesen. 2018. Memetic protest and the dramatic diffusion of Alan Kurdi." Media, Culture & Society 40, no. 5: 656-672.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Mehmet Gökay Özerim, and Juliette Tolay. 2021. Discussing the populist features of anti-refugee discourses on social media: an anti-Syrian hashtag in Turkish Twitter." Journal of Refugee Studies 34, no. 1: 204-218.Google ScholarCross Ref
- David Pope, and Josephine Griffith. 2016. An Analysis of Online Twitter Sentiment Surrounding the European Refugee Crisis. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Knowledge Discovery, Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management, pp. 299-306.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Eugenia Siapera, Moses Boudourides, Sergios Lenis, and Jane Suiter. 2018. Refugees and network publics on Twitter: Networked framing, affect, and capture." Social Media+ Society 4, no. 1: 2056305118764437.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Karen Simonyan, and Andrew Zisserman. 2014. Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition. arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.1556 (2014).Google Scholar
- Oded Stark. 2004. On the economics of refugee flows. Review of Development Economics 8, no. 2: 325-329.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Christian Szegedy, Sergey Ioffe, Vincent Vanhoucke, and Alexander A. Alemi. 2017. Inception-v4, inception-resnet and the impact of residual connections on learning. In Thirty-first AAAI conference on artificial intelligence.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Christian Szegedy, Vincent Vanhoucke, Sergey Ioffe, Jon Shlens, and Zbigniew Wojna. 2016. Rethinking the inception architecture for computer vision." In Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp. 2818-2826.Google Scholar
- Simon Turner. 2016. What is a refugee camp? Explorations of the limits and effects of the camp. Journal of Refugee Studies 29, no. 2: 139-148.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Stefanie Urchs, Lorenz Wendlinger, Jelena Mitrović, and Michael Granitzer. 2019. MMoveT15: A Twitter Dataset for Extracting and Analysing Migration-Movement Data of the European Migration Crisis 2015." In 2019 IEEE 28th International Conference on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WETICE), pp. 146-149. IEEE, 2019.Google Scholar
- Arnold Van Gennep. 1960. Les rites de passage (Paris, 1909). The Rites of Passage: Anthropology and Ethnography.Google Scholar
- Farida Vis, and Olga Goriunova. 2015. The iconic image on social media: A rapid research response to the death of Aylan Kurdi. Visual social media lab.Google Scholar
- Emilio Zagheni, Venkata Rama Kiran Garimella, Ingmar Weber, and Bogdan State. 2014. Inferring international and internal migration patterns from twitter data. In Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on world wide web, pp. 439-444.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Stephen Zunes. 2017. Europe's refugee crisis, terrorism, and islamophobia. Peace review 29, no. 1: 1-6.Google Scholar
- UNHCR Data Portal. Available at https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine. Accessed on April 12, 2022.Google Scholar
Recommendations
The Refugee/Migrant Crisis Dichotomy on Twitter: A Network and Sentiment Perspective
WebSci '18: Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Web ScienceMedia reports, political statements, and social media debates on the refugee/migrant crisis shape the ways in which people and societies respond to those displaced people arriving at their borders world wide. These current events are framed and ...
Twitter zombie: architecture for capturing, socially transforming and analyzing the twittersphere
GROUP '12: Proceedings of the 2012 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group WorkSocial computational systems emerge in the wild on popular social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter, but there remains confusion about the relationship between social interactions and the technical traces of interaction left behind through use. ...
Refugees & HCI SIG: Situating HCI Within Humanitarian Research
CHI EA '19: Extended Abstracts of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsCurrently, the United Nations High Commissioner for refugees estimates that there are around 65.8 million forcibly displaced people worldwide [16]. As digital technologies have become more available, humanitarian researchers and organizations have begun ...
Comments