ABSTRACT
A serious problem with current SSDs is its low reliability due to their primary component, flash-memory, that has high error rate and limited erase count. Adopting RAID architecture is a reasonable way to increase reliability of SSDs. In this paper, we propose Dynamic and Variable Size Striping-RAID (DVS-RAID) that dynamically constructs a variable size stripe based on arrival order of write requests such that write requests are sequentially written to a stripe improving the performance and lifetime of SSDs. To increase the reliability of small writes without making use of non-volatile RAM, DVS-RAID employs variable size striping, which constructs a new stripe with data written to portions of a full stripe and writes a parity for that partial stripe. We implement DVS-RAID in the DiskSim SSD extension, and experimental results based on trace-driven simulations show that DVS-RAID outperforms the conventional RAID-5 scheme in terms of performance and lifetime of SSDs.
- UMASS TRACE REPOSITORY. http://traces.cs.umass.edit.Google Scholar
- N. Agrawal, V. Prabhakaran, T. Wobber, J. D. Davis, M. Manasse, and R. Panigrahy. Design tradeoffs for SSD performance. In 2008 USENIX ATC. Google ScholarDigital Library
- E. Deal. Trends in NAND flash memory error correction. Cyclic Design, White Paper, Jun. 2009, http://www.cyclicdesign.com/whitepapers/Cyclic_Design_NAND_ECC.pdf.Google Scholar
- L. M. Grupp, A. M. Caulfield, J. Coburn, S. Swanson, E. Yaakobi, P. H. Siegel, and J. K. Wolf. Characterizing flash memory: anomalies, observations, and applications. In Proceedings of MICRO 42. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. Im and D. Shin. Flash-Aware RAID Techniques for Dependable and High-Performance Flash Memory SSD. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 60(1): 80--92, Jan. 2011. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. G. Laura. D. D. John, and S. Steven. The Bleak Future of NAND Flash Memory. In Proceedings of FAST '12, 2012. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. Lee, B. Lee, K. Koh, and H. Bahn. A lifespan-aware reliability scheme for RAID-based flash storage. In Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SAC. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Y. Lee, S. Jung, and Y. H. Song. FRA: a flash-aware redundancy array of flash storage devices. In Proceedings of CODES+ISSS '09, 2009. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Mariano. Ecc options for improving nand flash memory reliability. Micron, 2012, http://www.micron.com/support/software/~/media/Documents/Products/Software%20Article/SWNL_implementing_ecc.ashx.Google Scholar
- V. Prabhakaran and T. Wobber. SSD Extension for DiskSim Simulation Environment. http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/downloads/b41019e2-1d2b-44d8-b512-ba35ab814cd4.Google Scholar
Recommendations
Enhancing SSD reliability through efficient RAID support
APSys '12: Proceedings of the Third ACM SIGOPS Asia-Pacific conference on SystemsA serious problem with current SSDs is its low reliability due to their primary component, flash-memory, that has high error rate and limited erase count. Adopting RAID architecture is a reasonable way to increase reliability of SSDs. In this paper, we ...
RAID-Aware SSD: Improving the Write Performance and Lifespan of SSD in SSD-Based RAID-5 System
BDCLOUD '14: Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Fourth International Conference on Big Data and Cloud ComputingFlash memory-based SSD RAID has an excellent I/O performance with high stability, which making it get more and more attention from companies and manufacturers, especially in I/O-intensive environments. However, frequently updating parity also makes the ...
Flash-Aware RAID Techniques for Dependable and High-Performance Flash Memory SSD
Solid-state disks (SSDs), which are composed of multiple NAND flash chips, are replacing hard disk drives (HDDs) in the mass storage market. The performances of SSDs are increasing due to the exploitation of parallel I/O architectures. However, ...
Comments