Abstract
Based on the direct piezoelectric effect and signal comparison method, a quasi-static, high sensitivity, phase sensitive d33 meter has been developed. The system is capable of measuring the complex piezoelectric d33 constant down to about 1 pC/N and has a phase resolution of ±0.05°. The advantage of this apparatus is that its operation is almost as easy as that of the commercial Berlincourt d33 meter, hence, it is suitable for everyday routine usage.