Abstract
We observed the motion of an organelle transported by motor proteins in cells using fluorescence microscopy. Particularly, among organelles, the mitochondria in PC12 cells were studied. A mitochondrion was dragged at a constant speed for several seconds without pausing. We investigated the fluctuation dissipation theorem for this constant drag motion by comparing it with the motion of Brownian beads that were incorporated into the cells by an electroporation method. We estimated the viscosity value inside cells from the diffusion coefficients of the beads. Then the viscosity value obtained by using the beads was found to be slightly lower than that obtained from the diffusion coefficient for the organelle motion via the Einstein relation. This discrepancy indicates the violation of the Einstein relation for the organelle motion.
Graphical abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S. Ciliberto, S. Joubaud, A. Petrosyan, J. Stat. Mech., P12003 (2010)
D. Mizuno, C. Tardin, C.F. Schmidt, F.C. MacKintosh, Science 315, 370 (2007)
S. Toyabe, T. Okamoto, T. Watanabe-Nakayama, H. Taketani, S. Kudo, E. Muneyuki, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 198103 (2010)
J. Liphardt, S. Dumont, S.B. Smith, I. Tinoco jr., C. Bustamante, Science 296, 1832 (2002)
D. Collin, F. Ritort, C. Jarzynski, S.B. Smith, I. Tinoco jr., C. Bustamante, Nature 437, 231 (2005)
A. Alemany, A. Mossa, I. Junier, F. Ritort, Nat. Phys. 8, 688 (2012)
K. Hayashi, H. Ueno, R. Iino, H. Noji, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 218103 (2010)
K. Hayashi, M. Tanigawara, J. Kishikawa, Biophysics 8, 67 (2012)
K. Hayashi, R. Hayashi, Fluct. Noise Lett. 11, 124001 (2012)
Y. Kim, H. Konno, Y. Sugano, T. Hisabori, J. Bio. Chem. 286, 9071 (2011)
E. Usukura, T. Suzuki, S. Furuike, N. Soga, E. Saita, T. Hisabori, K. Kinosita jr., M. Yoshida M, J. Bio. Chem. 287, 1885 (2012)
M. Tanigawara, K.V. Tabata, Y. Ito, J. Ito, R. Watanabe, H. Ueno, M. Ikeguchi, H. Noji, Biophys. J. 103, 970 (2012)
Q. Cai, Z. Sheng, Exp. Neurol. 218, 257 (200)
S.M.A. Tabei, S. Burov, H.Y. Kim, A. Kuznetsov, T. Huynh, J. Jureller, L.H. Philipson, A.R. Dinner, N.F. Scherer, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 110, 4911 (2013)
L.A. Greene, A.S. Tischler, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73, 2424 (1976)
A.J. Hunt, F. Gittes, J. Howard, Biophys. J. 67, 766 (1994)
D. Magde, E.L. Elson, W.W. Webb, Phys. Rev. Lett. 29, 705 (1972)
C.G. Pack, M.R. Song, E.J. Lee, M. Hiroshima, K.H. Byun, J.S. Kim, Y. Sako, J. Control Rel. 163, 315 (2012)
C.L. Kuyper, B.S. Fusimoto, Y. Zhao, P.G. Schiro, D.T. Chiu, J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 24433 (2006)
Y.Y. Hui, B. Zhang, Y.C. Chang, C.C. Chang, H.C. Chang, J.H. Hsu, K. Chang, F.H. Chang, Opt. Express 18, 5896 (2010)
G.T. Shubeita, S.L. Tran, J. Xu, M. Vershinin, S. Cermelli, S.L. Cotton, M.A. Welte, S.P. Gross, Cell 135, 1098 (2008)
C. Leidel, R.A. Longoria, F.M. Gutierrez, G.T. Shubeita, Biophys. J. 103, 492 (2012)
A.G. Hendriks, E. Perison, J.L. Ross, H.W. Schroeder III, M. Tokita, E.L.F. Holzbaur, Curr. Biol. 20, 697 (2010)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Supplementary material
Supplementary material
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hayashi, K., Pack, C.G., Sato, M.K. et al. Viscosity and drag force involved in organelle transport: Investigation of the fluctuation dissipation theorem. Eur. Phys. J. E 36, 136 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2013-13136-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2013-13136-6