Abstract.
Anionic polyacrylate chains (NaPA) form precipitates if alkaline earth cations are added in stoichiometric amounts. Accordingly, precipitation thresholds were established for three different alkaline earth cations Ca2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+. Close to the precipitation threshold, the NaPA chains significantly decrease in size. This shrinking process was followed by means of combined static and dynamic light scattering. Intermediates were generated by varying the ratio [MCl2]/[NaPA] with M denoting the respective alkaline earth cation. All experiments were performed at an inert salt level of 0.01M NaCl. Similar coil-to-sphere transitions could be observed with all three alkaline earth cations Ca2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+. Based on these findings, supplementary conventional and anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering experiments using selected intermediates close to the precipitation threshold of SrPA were performed. The distribution of Sr counterions around the polyacrylate chains in aqueous solution provided the desired scattering contrast. Energy-dependent scattering experiments enabled successful separation of the pure-resonant terms, which solely stem from the counterions. The Sr2+ scattering roughly reflects the monomer distribution of the polyacrylate chains. Different ratios of the concentrations of [ SrCl2]/[NaPA] revealed dramatic changes in the scattering curves. The scattering curve at the lowest ratio indicated an almost coil-like behaviour, while at the higher ratios the scattering curves supported the model of highly contracted polymer chains. Most of X-ray scattering experiments on intermediate states revealed compact structural elements which were significantly smaller than the respective overall size of the NaPA particles.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
P.J. Flory, J.E. Osterheld, J. Phys. Chem. 58, 653 (1954).
P. Flory, Principles of Polymer Chemistry (Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 1953).
A. Takahashi, S. Yamori, I. Kagawa, Kogyo Kagaku Zasshi 83, 11 (1962).
A. Takahashi, M. Nagasawa, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 86, 543 (1964).
R. Schweins, J. Hollmann, K. Huber, Polymer 44, 7131 (2003).
C.G. Sinn, R. Dimova, M. Antonietti, Macromoelcules 37, 3444 (2004).
F. Molnar, J. Rieger, Langmuir 21, 786 (2005).
A. Ikegami, N. Imai, J. Polym. Sci. 56, 133 (1962).
I.J. Michaeli, Polym. Sci. 48, 291 (1960).
I. Pochard, A. Foissy, P. Couchot, Colloid Polym. Sci. 277, 818 (1999).
I. Sabbagh, M. Delsanti, P. Lesieur, Eur. Phys. J. B 12, 253 (1999).
K. Huber, J. Phys. Chem. 97, 9825 (1993).
R. Schweins, K. Huber, Eur. Phys. J. E 5, 117 (2001).
R. Schweins, P. Lindner, K. Huber, Macromolecules 36, 9564 (2003).
H.J. Limbach, Ch. Holm, J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 8041 (2003).
R. Schweins, K. Huber, Macromol. Symp. 211, 25 (2004).
M.-J. Lee, M.M. Green, F. Mikes, H. Morawetz, Macromolecules 35, 4216 (2002).
D. Baigl, M. Sferrazza, C.E. Williams, Europhys. Lett. 62, 110 (2003).
W. Essafi, F. Lafuma, C.E. Williams, J. Phys. II 5, 1269 (1995).
D. Baigl, D. Ober, A. Qu, A. Fery, C.E. Williams, Europhys. Lett. 62, 588 (2003).
C. Heitz, M. Rawiso, J. Francois, Polymer 40, 1637 (1999).
C. Heitz, J. Francois, Polymer 40, 3331 (1999).
G. Goerigk, R. Schweins, K. Huber, M. Ballauf, Europhys. Lett. 66, 331 (2004).
V.O. Aseyev, S.I. Klenin, H. Tenhu, I. Grillo, E. Geissler, Macromolecules 34, 3706 (2001).
E. Dubois, F. Boué, Macromolecules 34, 3684 (2001).
J. Combet, F. Isel, F. Rawiso, Macromolecules 38, 7456 (2005).
S. Minko, A. Kiriy, G. Gorodyska, M. Stamm, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 10192 (2002).
Y. Kantor, M. Kardar, Europhys. Lett. 27, 643 (1994).
A.V. Dobrynin, M. Rubinstein, S.P. Obukhov, Macromolecules 29, 2974 (1996).
H. Schiessel, Macromolecules 32, 5673 (1999).
S. Uyaver, Ch. Seidel, J. Phys. Chem. B 198, 18804 (2004).
H.B. Stuhrmann, Adv. Polym. Sci. 67, 123 (1985).
Q. de Robilliard, X. Guo, N. Dingenouts, M. Ballauff, G. Goerigk, Macromol. Symp. 164, 81 (2001).
B. Guilleaume, M. Ballauff, G. Goerigk, M. Wittemann, M. Rehahn, Colloid Polym. Sci. 279, 829 (2001).
B. Guilleaume, J. Blaul, M. Ballauff, M. Wittemann, M. Rehahn, G. Goerigk, Eur. Phys. J. E 8, 299 (2002).
M. Patel, S. Rosenfeldt, M. Ballauff, N. Dingenouts, D. Pontoni, T. Narayanan, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 6, 2962 (2004).
N. Dingenouts, M. Patel, S. Rosenfeldt, D. Pontoni, M. Ballauff, T. Narayanan, Macromolecules 37, 8152 (2004).
J. Bolze, M. Ballauff, T. Rische, D. Rudhardt, J. Meixner, Macromol. Chem. Phys. 205, 165 (2004).
D.E. Koppel, J. Phys. Chem. 57, 4814 (1972).
S.W. Provencher, Comput. Phys. Commun. 27, 213
H.-G. Haubold, K. Gruenhagen, M. Wagener, H. Jungbluth, H. Heer, A. Pfeil, H. Rongen, G. Brandenburg, R. Moeller, J. Matzerath, P. Hiller, H. Halling, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 60, 1943 (1989).
D.T. Cromer, D. Liberman, J. Chem. Phys. 53, 1891 (1970).
D.T. Cromer, D. Liberman, Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A 37, 267 (1981).
G. Goerigk, D.L. Williamson, J. Appl. Phys. 99, 084309 (2006).
O. Glatter, O. Kratky (Editors), Small Angle X-ray Scattering (Academic Press, London, 1982).
W. Burchard, Adv. Polym. Sci. 48, 1 (1983).
J.S. Vrentas, H.T. Liu, J.C. Duda, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed. 18, 633 (1980).
M. Schmidt, W. Burchard, Macromolecules 14, 210 (1981).
K. Huber, W. Burchard, A.Z. Akcasu, Macromolecules 18, 2743 (1985).
C. Wu, S. Zhou, Macromolecules 28, 5388
W. Burchard, M. Schmidt, W.H. Stockmayer, Macromolecules 13, 580
W. Burchard, M. Frank, E. Michel, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 100, 807 (1996).
G. Porod, Kolloid Z. 124, 83 (1951).
Lord Rayleigh, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 90, 219 (1914).
B. Zimm, J. Chem. Phys. 16, 1099 (1978).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Schweins, R., Goerigk, G. & Huber, K. Shrinking of anionic polyacrylate coils induced by Ca2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+: A combined light scattering and ASAXS study. Eur. Phys. J. E 21, 99–110 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2006-10047-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2006-10047-7