Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Relationship of Antidepressant Therapy with Neuroinflammatory Changes and Inflammatory Response in Major Depressive Disorder

  • CLINICAL NEUROCHEMISTRY
  • Published:
Neurochemical Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study investigated the relationship between major depressive disorder (MDD) and neuroinflammation biomarkers. Included 28 patients that were diagnosed with MDD and 22 healthy individuals as the control group. Antidepressant drug therapy was started for depression patients. Venous blood was drawn from the control group and pre-treatment MDD patients for measuring levels of inflammatory markers. Inflammatory marker levels were measured again after 8 weeks of antidepressant medication in MDD patients. The severity of depression was determined by the Hamilton Depression Scale (HDS). Serum levels of IL-1, IL-2, IL-6 and haptoglobin were significantly different between the pre-treatment patients and control groups (P < 0.05), but no significant difference in CRP and sedimentation levels (P > 0.05). Pre- and post-treatment of patient group levels of IL-1, IL-2, IL-6 and haptoglobin significantly different (P < 0.05), whereas CRP levels and sedimentation were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Mean HDS score of pre- and posttreatment in patients group was significantly different (P < 0.05). All participants in the patient group responded to the antidepressant treatment. We found that inflammatory mechanisms occur in MDD and antidepressant therapy affects this process. Inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-2 and IL-6, as well as the APR’s haptoglobin are elevated significantly in MDD.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. Capuron, L., and Miller, A.H., Pharmacol. Ther., 2011, vol. 130, no. 2, pp. 226–238.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Raison CL, Cowles MK, and Miller AH., Kaplan&Sadock’s Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 9th edition, 2009, pp. 175–197.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Tuğlu C., and Kara S.H., Klin. Psikofarmakol. Bülteni (Bull. Clin. Psychopharmacol.), 2003, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 142–150

    Google Scholar 

  4. Dinan, T.G., Curr. Opin. Psychiatry, 2009, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 32–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Seidel, A., Arolt, V., Hunstiger, M., Rink, L., Behnisch, A., and Kirchner, H., Scand. J. Immunol., 1995, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 534–538.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Kushner, I., Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 1982, vol. 389, pp. 39–48.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Gabay, C., and Kushner, I., N. Engl. J. Med., 1999, vol. 340, no. 6, pp. 448–454.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Schiepers, O.J., Wichers, M.C., and Maes, M., Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry, 2005, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 201–217.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Gümrü, S., and Arıcıoğlu, F., Journal of Marmara University Institute of Health Sciences, 2012, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 103–107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Krishnadas, R. and Cavanagh, J., J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 2012, vol. 83, no. 5, pp. 495–502.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Raedler, T.J., Curr. Opin. Psychiatry, 2011, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 519–525.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Doksat, M.K., Klin. Psikofarmakol. Bul., 2003, vol. 13, pp. 97–108.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Miller, A.H., Maletic, V., and Raison, C.L., Biol. Psychiatry, 2009, vol. 65, no. 9, pp. 732–741.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Jones, K.A. and Thomsen, C., Mol. Cell. Neurosci., 2013, vol. 53, pp. 52–62.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Doksat, K. and Savrun, M., Yeni Symposium, 2002, vol. 40, pp. 90–99.

  16. Maes, M., Ringel, K., Kubera, M., Berk, M., and Rybakowski, J., J. Affect Disord., 2012, vol. 136, no. 3, pp. 386–392.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Hannestad, J., DellaGioia, N., and Bloch, M., Neuropsychopharmacology, 2011, vol. 36, no. 12, pp. 2452–2459.

  18. Howren, M.B., Lamkin, D.M., and Suls, J., Psychosom. Med., 2009, vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 171–186.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Dowlati, Y., Herrmann, N., Swardfager, W., Liu, H., Sham, L., Reim, E. K., and Lanctôt, K. L., Biol. Psychiatry, 2010, vol. 67, no. 5, pp. 446–457.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Maes, M., Scharp, S., Grootel, V.L., Uyttenbroeck, W., Cooreman, W., Cosyns, P., and Suy, E., J. Affect. Disord., 1992, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 183–192.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Chavda, N., Kantharia, N.D., Jaykaran, J. Pharmacol. Pharmacother., 2011, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 11–16.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Vargas, H.O., Nunes, S.O.V., de Castro, M.R.P., Vargas, M.M., Barbosa, D.S., Bortolasci, C.C., Venugopal, K., Dodd, S., and Berk, M., Neurosci. Lett., 2013, vol. 544, pp. 136–140.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Janssen, D.G., Caniato, R.N., Verster, J.C., and Baune, B.T., Hum. Psychopharmacol., 2010, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 201–215.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Kocabaşoğlu, N., Konuk, N., Öztürk, S., and Bayar, R., Yeni Symposium, 2000, vol. 36, pp. 83–87.

  25. Hocaoglu, C., Kural, B., Aliyazıcıoglu, R., Deger, O., and Cengiz, S., Metab. Brain Dis., 2012, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 425–430.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors thank Dr. Alper Sınan who helped in the statistical analysis of the study. Antalya Training and Research Hospital Ethics Committee Provided the kits of cytokines (IL-1,IL-2,IL-6) and acute phase reactants (Haptoglobin, CRP, ESR) that we use in the biochemistry laboratory for our study.

Funding

No external funding was received.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, street 1970, number 14-6, Antalya, Turkey

    S. Korkut

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey

    S. Kulaksizoglu

Authors
  1. S. Korkut
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. Kulaksizoglu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. Korkut.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed consent. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Korkut, S., Kulaksizoglu, S. The Relationship of Antidepressant Therapy with Neuroinflammatory Changes and Inflammatory Response in Major Depressive Disorder. Neurochem. J. 15, 477–481 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1819712421040061

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1819712421040061

Keywords:

Search

Navigation