Abstract
The X-ray diffraction and X-ray spectroscopic properties of strontium titanate single crystals and their surface exposed to plasma have been investigated. Both undoped SrTiO3 crystals and crystals containing impurity ions of the iron or lanthanum groups have been analyzed. Data on the plasma-induced formation of ordered crystallites on the sample surface were obtained by electron and atomic force microscopy. The crystallites are from 10−7 to 10−9 m in size and their hypothetical orientation [321] is independent of the sample orientation and irradiation dose.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
G. A. Smolenskiĭ, V. A. Bokov, V. A. Isupov, N. N. Kraĭnik, R. E. Pasynkov, and M. S. Shur, Ferroelectrics and Antiferroelectrics (Nauka, Leningrad, 1985) [in Russian].
R. Blinc and B. Zeks, Soft Modes in Ferroelectrics and Antiferroelectrics (North Holland, Amsterdam, 1974; Mir, Moscow, 1975).
N. A. Kulagin and D. T. Sviridov, Introduction to the Physics of Activated Crystals (Vysshaya Shkola, Kharkov, 1990) [in Russian].
V. V. Lemanov, E. P. Smirnova, P. P. Syrnikov, and E. A. Tarakanov, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 545(2), 151 (1996).
V. V. Lemanov, Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 39(3), 1645 (1997).
V. V. Lemanov, A. V. Sotnikov, E. P. Smirnova, et al., Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 41(4), 1091 (1999).
V. V. Bogatko, V. I. Muromtsev, L. A. Litvinov, and Yu. N. Venevtsev, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Neorg. Mater. 17(10), 2229 (1981).
J. Doicilovic and N. A. Kulagin, Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 38(7) (1996).
N. Kulagin and J. Doicilovic, Physica B 269(10), 1645 (1999).
N. Kulagin, J. Doicilovic, and D. Popovic, Cryogenics 41(10), 745 (2001).
F. W. Little, J. Appl. Phys. 35(7), 2212 (1964).
M. Fischer, A. Lahmar, M. Maglione, et al., Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 49(2), 451 (1994).
N. A. Kulagin, Fiz. Tverd. Tela (Leningrad) 25(7), 392 (1983).
N. A. Kulagin and M. F. Ozerov, Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 35(11), 2472 (1993).
M. Fischer, B. Bonello, J. Itie, et al., Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 43(12), 8494 (1990).
A. F. Konstantinova, L. A. Korostel’, and N. A. Kulagin, Kristallografiya 40(8), 885 (1995).
A. F. Konstantinova, L. A. Korostel’, and S. N. Sul’yanov, Kristallografiya 43(5), 903 (1998) [Crystallogr. Rep. 43, 849 (1998)].
A. F. Konstantinova, A. N. Stepanov, L. A. Korostel’, et al., Kristallografiya 38(1), 194 (1993).
N. A. Kulagin, J. Dojcilovic, and D. Popovic, Cryogenics 41, 745 (2001).
J. Dojcilovic, N. A. Kulagin, V. Popovich, and S. Spasovich, Kristallografiya 49(3), 534 (2004) [Crystallogr. Rep. 49, 469 (2004)].
N. A. Kulagin, V. A. Sandulenko, and L. A. Korostel, Abstracts VIII Int. Meeting on Ferroelectricity. IMF8, Maryland, 1993, p. 428.
N. A. Kulagin, L. A. Korostel’, V. A. Sandulenko, and A. F. Konstantinova, Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Fiz. 58(1), 21 (1994).
I. Doichinovic, J. Dojcilovic, D. Popovic, et al., Proceeding of Full MRS 2006, Boston, 2007, p. 1278.
K. Nayak, M. C. Gupta, and K. W. Kolasinski, Appl. Phys. A 90, 399 (2008).
G. H. Dieke, Spectra and Energy Levels of Rare Earth Ions in Crystals (Wiley, New York, 1968).
M. M. Kuraica, V. M. Astashinski, I. P. Dojcinovic, and J. Puric, Physics of Laser Crystals, Ed. by J.-C. Krupa and N. A. Kulagin (Kluwer, Bruxelles, 2003), p. 249.
J. Puric, M. M. Kuraica, V. M. Astashinski, and I. P. Dojcinovic, Vacuum 73, 261 (2004).
V. I. Tereshin, I. E. Garkusha, A. N. Bandura, et al., J. Nucl. Mater. 313–316, 685 (2003).
Physics of Laser Crystals, Ed. by J.-C. Krupa and N. A. Kulagin (Kluwer, Bruxelles, 2003).
L. B. Barinskiĭ and V. I. Nefedov, X-Ray Spectral Determination of Atomic and Molecular Charges (Nauka, Moscow, 1966) [in Russian].
N. A. Kulagin and D. T. Sviridov, Methods for Calculating the Electronic Structure of Free and Impurity Ions (Nauka, Moscow, 1986) [in Russian].
Programm ANALYZE, Rayflex Version 2.285 (Rich Seifert, 2000).
Program Celsiz, Version 1.1 (1995), freeware available via Homepage of Int. Union of Crystallography, 1995.
Powder Diffraction File-2 (PDF-2), Release 2001, International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICSD) (2001), card 00-035-0734.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © N.A. Kulagin, A.A. Levin, E. Langer, D.C. Meyer, I. Doicinovic, J. Puric, 2008, published in Kristallografiya, 2008, Vol. 53, No. 6, pp. 1118–1125.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kulagin, N.A., Levin, A.A., Langer, E. et al. Formation of quasi-ordered structures on the surface of strontium titanate in a plasma field. Crystallogr. Rep. 53, 1061–1067 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063774508060230
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063774508060230