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The Effectiveness of Glycerol Solutions for Optical Clearing of the Intact Skin as Measured by Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy

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Abstract

The effect of glycerol solutions of different concentrations and exposure times on the optical clearing efficiency in intact pig skin has been studied in the analysis of Raman spectra recorded at different depths. It has been found that a solution of 80% glycerol and 20% dimethylsulfoxide penetrated through the stratum corneum during 45 min. The increase in optical clearing has been achieved by using mixtures of optical clearing agents with dimethylsulfoxide and distilled water. Thus, the greatest optical clearing efficiency was observed when using a mixture of 60% glycerol and 40% water for 45 min (an increase of 3.4 times at a depth of 80 µm). Thus, it has been shown that it is possible to control the skin optical parameters at a depth of about 80 µm using the method of confocal Raman microscopy.

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Funding

I. Yu. Yanina thanks DAAD and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation for the financial support, the grant “Mikhail Lomonosov Program—Linie B, 2019 (57447934)” (art. no. 91728614) (internship at the Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin clinic). The work of V.V. Tuchin was supported by the RFBR grant no. 18-52-16025 NTSNIL_a (determining the optimal optical clearing agent).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Saratov State University (National Research), 410012, Saratov, Russia

    I. Yu. Yanina & V. V. Tuchin

  2. National Research Tomsk State University, 634050, Tomsk, Russia

    I. Yu. Yanina & V. V. Tuchin

  3. Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, 10117, Berlin, Germany

    I. Yu. Yanina, J. Schleusener, J. Lademann & M. E. Darvin

  4. Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control, Russian Academy of Sciences, 410028, Saratov, Russia

    V. V. Tuchin

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  1. I. Yu. Yanina
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Correspondence to I. Yu. Yanina.

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COMPLIANCE WITH ETHICAL STANDARDS

Permission to perform ex vivo measurements on pig skin was obtained from the Commission for Veterinary and Food Control of the district of Dahme–Spreewald, Ge-rmany.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors state that they have no conflict of interest.

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Translated by N. Petrov

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Yanina, I.Y., Schleusener, J., Lademann, J. et al. The Effectiveness of Glycerol Solutions for Optical Clearing of the Intact Skin as Measured by Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy. Opt. Spectrosc. 128, 759–765 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0030400X20060259

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