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Cells of Cerebrovascular Endothelium and Perivascular Astroglia in the Regulation of Neurogenesis

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Abstract

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a constellation of cells within the neurovascular unit of the brain that perform the barrier function, being also involved in the mechanisms of neuroplasticity. The BBB permeability relies on the efficiency of making contacts between cerebrovascular endothelial cells, mechanisms of transcellular permeability, and crosstalk between endothelial and perivascular cells, specifically, pericytes and astrocytes. In addition, the BBB permeability is a derivative of the entire neurovascular unit’s activity and affects the processes of neuroplasticity, specifically, neurogenesis, which in the adult brain occurs in specialized neurogenic niches wherein the maintenance of the pool of stem and progenitor cells, their renewal, proliferation, and differentiation are controlled by the local microenvironment. The formation of this microenvironment is largely determined by the BBB permeability in microvessels that make up a vascular basis of neurogenic niches. Therefore, functional coupling of neurogenesis and neoangiogenesis is an important component of the mechanisms underlying brain plasticity. The processes of neoangiogenesis and neurogenesis are interrelated through the effects of a wide range of regulatory molecules: growth factors, cytokines, neuro- and gliotransmitters, metabolites. Modern technologies make it possible to develop new protocols for controlling the activity of cells that form a proneurogenic and/or proangiogenic microenvironment. The review summarizes current ideas on the mechanisms of neuroplasticity that involve cerebrovascular endothelial cells, as well as on the possibilities of controlling or optogenetic targeting of perivascular astroglia.

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Abbreviations

Ab:

amyloid beta

Ang:

аngiopoietin

AVV:

adenovirus vector

BBB:

blood–brain barrier

BDNF:

brain-derived neurotrophic factor

ChR2:

channelrhodopsin-2

CXCL:

chemokine ligand

Cx43:

сonnexin 43

DLL4:

delta-like ligand 4

EGF:

epidermal growth factor

FGF2:

basic fibroblast growth factor 2

FOX:

forkhead box

GABA:

Gamma aminobutyric acid

GFAP:

glial fibrillary acidic protein

GPR81:

G protein-coupled receptor 81

GSK-3:

glycogen synthase kinase-3

HIF-1:

hypoxia-inducible factor 1

HMGB1:

high-mobility group protein B1

IGF1:

insulin-like growth factor 1

IL1b:

interleukin-1

JAM:

junctional adhesion molecule

LIF:

leukemia inhibitory factor

MCT1:

monocarboxylate transporter 1

NeuroD1:

neurogenic differentiation factor 1

Notch:

notch receptors

NO:

nitrogen monoxide

NPCs:

neural progenitor cells

NSCs:

neural stem cells

NT3:

neutrofin 3

NVU:

neurovascular unit

PCNA:

proliferating cell nuclear antigen

PEDF:

pigment epithelium-derived factor

PlGF-2:

placenta growth factor-2

SCF:

stem cell factor

SGZ:

subgranular zone

Shh:

sonic hedgehog

Stalk-cells:

cells expressing the Notch receptor

SVZ:

subventricular zone

TGF:

transforming growth factor

Tip-cells:

cells expressing the DLL4

VEGF:

vascular endothelial growth factor

Wnt:

Wnt signaling protein

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Funding

The writing of this review was supported by the grant of the President of the Russian Federation for the state support of leading scientific schools (NSh-2547.2020.7).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia

    E. A. Teplyashina, Ya. V. Gorina, E. D. Khilazheva, E. B. Boytsova, A. I. Mosyagina, N. A. Malinovskaya, Yu. K. Komleva, A. V. Morgun, Yu. A. Uspenskaya, A. N. Shuvaev & A. B. Salmina

  2. Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia

    Yu. A. Uspenskaya

  3. Division of Brain Sciences, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia

    A. B. Salmina

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  1. E. A. Teplyashina
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  2. Ya. V. Gorina
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  3. E. D. Khilazheva
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  4. E. B. Boytsova
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  5. A. I. Mosyagina
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  6. N. A. Malinovskaya
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  7. Yu. K. Komleva
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  8. A. V. Morgun
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  9. Yu. A. Uspenskaya
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  10. A. N. Shuvaev
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  11. A. B. Salmina
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Contributions

Analysis of literature data, writing the manuscript (E.A.T.); writing and editing the manuscript (Ya.V.G., E.D.Kh., E.B.B., A.I.M., A.V.M., A.N.Sh.); editing the manuscript, preparing the illustration (N.A.M., Yu.K.K., Yu.A.U.); conceptualization, analysis of literature data, in-process manuscript correction (A.B.S.).

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Correspondence to E. A. Teplyashina.

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Translated by A. Polyanovsky

Russian Text © The Author(s), 2022, published in Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova, 2022, Vol. 58, No. 3, pp. 109–115https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869813922050119.

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Teplyashina, E.A., Gorina, Y.V., Khilazheva, E.D. et al. Cells of Cerebrovascular Endothelium and Perivascular Astroglia in the Regulation of Neurogenesis. J Evol Biochem Phys 58, 728–741 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0022093022030097

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