Abstract
Soil formation on hard rocks—nepheline syenite, amphibolite, metamorphized gabbro diabase, and their derivatives—was studied in the mountainous tundra and in the northern and middle taiga zones of the Kola Peninsula and Karelia (in the Kivach Reserve). It was found that the soils developing from these rocks could be classified into three groups: (1) petrozems with the O-M profile (the most common variant), (2) podzols and podzolized podburs on the substrates with an admixture of morainic derivatives of acid rocks, and (3) shallow (<5–10 cm) pebbly soils on the substrates without an admixture of allochthonous material (the rarest variant). In soils of the third group, the pedogenic alteration of the mineral matrix does not result in the appearance of phyllosilicates in the fine fractions if these phyllosilicates are initially absent in the rock. In these soils, the protion of the organic matter, and binding of iron released from the weathered silicate minerals into iron-organic complexes) are virtually undifferentiated by the separate soil horizons because of the very low thickness of the soil profiles. These soils have the Oao-BHFao-M profile; it is suggested that they can be classified as leptic podburs. An admixture of morainic material containing phyllosilicate minerals favors a more pronounced differentiation of the modern pedogenic processes by separate soil horizons even in the case of shallow soil profiles; the intense transformation of phyllosilicates takes place in the soils.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
E. V. Arinushkina, Handbook on the Chemical Analysis of Soils (Mosk. Gos. Univ., Moscow, 1970) [in Russian].
N. I. Belousova, S. N. Sedov, and K. E. Pustovoitov, “Weathering of the Main Rocks in Soils of Boreal Climate,” Pochvovedenie, No. 3, 90–100 (1994).
V. V. Berkgaut, S. N. Sedov, E. R. Grakina, and T. A. Vostokova, “Pedogenesis and Weathering on the Main Rocks of the Valaam Island,” Vest. Mosk. Univ., Ser. 17: Pochvoved., No. 1, 3–14 (1993).
K. P. Bogatyrev, “Fragmentary Gravelly Coarse-Textured Soils and Their Place in the General Classification of Soils,” Pochvovedenie, No. 2, 19–28 (1959).
L. A. Vorob’eva, Chemical Analysis of Soils (Mosk. Gos. Univ., Moscow, 1998) [in Russian].
M. A. Glazovskaya, “Weathering and Primary Pedogenesis in the Antarctica,” Nauchn. Dokl. Vyssh. Shk. Geol.-Geograf. Nauki, No. 1, 63–76 (1958).
S. V. Goryachkin, I. A. Spiridonova, S. N. Sedov, and V. O. Targulian, “Boreal Soils on Hard Gypsum Rocks: Morphology, Properties, and Genesis,” Pochvovedenie, No. 7, 773–785 (2003) [Eur. Soil Sci. 36 (7), 773–785 (2003)].
B. P. Gradusov and V. O. Targulian, “Minerals from the Clay Fraction of Soils Developed on Igneous Rocks of Eastern Sayany,” Pochvovedenie, No. 11, 24–33 (1962).
V. V. Dobrovol’skii, “Mineralogy and Landscape-Geochemical Characterization of Quaternary Deposits in the Kola Peninsula,” in Data on the Landscape Geochemistry of the Kola Peninsula (Mosk. Gos. Ped. Inst., Moscow, 1972), pp. 3–68 [in Russian].
A. A. Elenkin, “Lichens and the Soil,” Pochvovedenie, No. 4, 319–324 (1901).
Classification and Diagnostics of Russian Soils (Oikumena, Smolensk, 2004) [in Russian].
P. V. Krasil’nikov, S. N. Sedov, and E. R. Grakina, “Destruction of Endogenic Phyllosilicates in Soils on Eluvium of Mafic Rocks in the Northern Karelia,” Pochvovedenie, No. 4, 468–475 (1999) [Eur. Soil Sci. 32 (4), 425–432 (1999)].
S. N. Lesovaya, S. V. Goryachkin, A. A. Zavarzin, et al., “Boreal Pedogenesis and Weathering on Hard Rocks in the Kivach Reserve, Karelia,” Vestn. St.-Peterb. Univ., Ser. 3: Biol., No. 1, 106–118 (2006).
V. V. Nikonov, Pedogenesis at the Northern Boundary of Pine Biogeocenoses (Nauka, Leningrad, 1987) [in Russian].
B. B. Polynov, “The First Stages of Pedogenesis on Massive Crystalline Rocks,” Pochvovedenie, No. 7, 327–339 (1945).
S. N. Sedov, V. V. Berkgaut, E. R. Grakina, et al., “Formation of Mineral Mass in Taiga Soils of Northeastern Fennoscandia,” Vestn. Mosk. Univ., Ser. 17: Pochvoved., No. 2, 47–62 (1994).
V. O. Targulian, “Micromorphology and Chemistry of Surface and Intrasoil Weathering in Cold Humid Regions of Tundra and Northern Taiga,” in Micromorphological Method in the Study of Soil Genesis (Nauka, Moscow, 1966), pp. 129–164 [in Russian].
V. O. Targulian, Pedogenesis and Weathering in Cold Humid Regions (Nauka, Moscow, 1971) [in Russian].
V. O. Targulian, A. M. Ivlev, and A. V. Kulikov, “Soil Weathering of the Main Rocks under Eluvial and Eluvial-Gley Conditions,” in Pedogenesis and Weathering in Humid Landscapes (Nauka, Moscow, 1978), pp. 7–65 [in Russian].
A. G. Chernyakhovskii, Recent Weathering Crusts (Nauka, Moscow, 1991) [in Russian].
E. A. Yarilova, “Role of Lithophilous Lichens in the Weathering of Massive Crystalline Rocks,” Pochvovedenie, No. 9, 533–547 (1947).
L. Augusto, M.-P. Turpault, and R. Jacques, “Impact of Forest Tree Species on Feldspar Weathering Rates,” Geoderma 96, 215–237 (2000).
J. Chen, H.-P. Blume, and L. Beyer, “Weathering of Rocks Induced by Lichen Colonization — a Review,” Catena 39, 121–146 (2000).
B. Prieto, T. Rivas, and B. Silva, “Colonization by Lichens of Granite Dolmens in Galicia (NW Spain),” Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 34, 47–60 (1994).
C. Sancho, R. Fort, and A. Belmonte, “Weathering Rates of Historic Sandstone Structure in Semiarid Environments (Ebro Basin, NE Spain),” Catena 53, 53–64 (2003).
World Reference Base for Soil Resources, World Soil Resources Reports, No. 103 (FAO, Rome, 2006).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Original Russian Text © S.N. Lesovaya, S.V. Goryachkin, E.Yu. Pogozhev, Yu.S. Polekhovskii, A.A. Zavarzin, A.G. Zavarzina, 2008, published in Pochvovedenie, 2008, No. 4, pp. 406–420.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lesovaya, S.N., Goryachkin, S.V., Pogozhev, E.Y. et al. Soils on hard rocks in the northwest of Russia: Chemical and mineralogical properties, genesis, and classification problems. Eurasian Soil Sc. 41, 363–376 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229308040029
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229308040029