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Impact of High-Sucrose Diet on the mRNA Levels for Elongases and Desaturases and Estimated Protein Activity in Rat Adipose Tissue

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Abstract

Fatty acids (FAs) present in the adipose tissue (AT) can be modified by elongases and desaturases. These enzymes are regulated by different factors including nutrients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of high-sucrose diet (HSD; 68% sucrose) on the levels of mRNAs for elongases (Elovl2, Elovl5, Elovl6) and desaturases (Fads1, Fads2, Scd) and on the activity of the corresponding proteins in the rat AT. Male Wistar rats were randomized into two study groups: fed with a HSD and with a standard diet (ST). The mRNA levels were determined by a semi-quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. FA composition was analyzed by gas chromatography, and FA ratios were used to estimate the activity of the enzymes. In the HSD rats, the levels of Elovl5, Elovl6, Fads1, and Scd mRNAs were higher, while the level of Fads2 mRNA was lower than in the ST group. Higher levels of Elovl5 and Elovl6 mRNAs corresponded to higher relative activities of these enzymes, while downregulation of the Fads2 mRNA was associated with the lower activity of this desaturase. In contrast, an increase in the level of Scd mRNA was accompanied by a decrease in the enzyme activity. Less monounsaturated FAs were detected in the AT of HSD rats than in the ST group. The composition of individual FAs differed between the groups. This study supports the notion that the regulation of mRNA levels and activity of both elongases and desaturases play an important role in managing the AT lipid composition in response to changes in the dietary status.

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Abbreviations

AT:

adipose tissue

ChREBP:

carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein

Elovl:

elongase

eWAT:

epididymal white adipose tissue

ER:

endoplasmic reticulum

FA:

fatty acid

FADS1:

fatty acid desaturase 1

FADS2:

fatty acid desaturase 2

HSD:

high-sucrose diet

LXR:

liver X receptor

MUFA:

monounsaturated fatty acid

PUFA:

polyunsaturated fatty acid

SAT:

saturated fatty acid

SCD:

stearoyl-CoA desaturase

SREBP-1c:

sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c

TG:

triacylglycerol

UNSAT:

unsaturated fatty acid

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Katarzyna Wadowska and Anna Cichon for their excellent technical support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemical Analytics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688, Krakow, Poland

    Jagoda Drag, Malgorzata Knapik-Czajka, Anna Gawedzka & Jerzy Jaskiewicz

  2. Department of Radioligands, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688, Krakow, Poland

    Joanna Gdula-Argasinska

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  1. Jagoda Drag
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Contributions

J. D. and J. J. conceived and designed the experiment. J. D., J. G. A., and M. K. C. performed the experiment. JD performed animal experiments. J. D., M. K. C., and A. G. analyzed the data. J. D., and M. K. C. wrote the paper. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jagoda Drag.

Ethics declarations

The authors declare no conflict of interest. All procedures performed in animals were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institution where the studies were conducted (Animal Research Committee, Jagiellonian University Ethic Committee, 19.11.2009, no. 116/2009).

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Drag, J., Knapik-Czajka, M., Gawedzka, A. et al. Impact of High-Sucrose Diet on the mRNA Levels for Elongases and Desaturases and Estimated Protein Activity in Rat Adipose Tissue. Biochemistry Moscow 86, 525–532 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297921050011

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