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From structure and functions of steroidogenic enzymes to new technologies of gene engineering

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Abstract

This review summarizes data about structural and functional organization of steroidogenic P450-dependent enzymatic systems. Problems of catalysis of steroid substrate transformation, special features of mitochondrial type P450scc topogenesis, and abilities of some microbial electron transport proteins to support P450 activity in vitro and in vivo are considered. Principal steps in the creation and catalytic properties of transgenic strains of Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Yarrowia lipolytica expressing both mammalian steroidogenic P450s and the corresponding electron transport proteins are also described. Achievements and prospects of using such transgenic strains for biotechnological synthesis and pharmacological screening are considered.

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Abbreviations

Ad:

adrenodoxin, [2Fe-2S]-ferredoxin from adrenal cortex

AdR:

FAD-containing NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase

CPR:

NADPH-cytochrome P450-reductase

ETS:

(enzymatic) electron transport system

Fdc:

bacterial [2Fe-2S]-ferredoxin

Fld1 and Fld2:

1 and 2 type bacterial FMN-flavodoxins

FLDR:

FAD-containing flavodoxin (ferredoxin) oxidoreductase

HSD:

hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

P450scc (CYP11A1):

cytochrome P450 cholesterol hydroxylase/20,22-lyase

P450c17 (CYP17):

cytochrome P450 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase

P450c11 (CYP11B1, P45011β):

cytochrome P450 11β-hydroxylase

P450c18 (CYP11B2):

cytochrome P450 aldosterone synthase

P450c19 (CYP19, P450arom):

cytochrome P450 aromatase

P450c21 (CYP21):

cytochrome P450 21-hydroxylase

SiR:

NADPH-sulfite reductase

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    L. A. Novikova, I. E. Kovaleva & V. N. Luzikov

  2. Institute of Physico-Chemical Problems, Belorussian State University, Minsk, Belarus

    Ya. V. Faletrov & V. M. Shkumatov

  3. Institute of Microbiology, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany

    S. Mauersberger

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  1. L. A. Novikova
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Original Russian Text © L. A. Novikova, Ya. V. Faletrov, I. E. Kovaleva, S. Mauersberger, V. N. Luzikov, V. M. Shkumatov, 2009, published in Uspekhi Biologicheskoi Khimii, 2009, Vol. 49, pp. 159–210.

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Novikova, L.A., Faletrov, Y.V., Kovaleva, I.E. et al. From structure and functions of steroidogenic enzymes to new technologies of gene engineering. Biochemistry Moscow 74, 1482–1504 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297909130057

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297909130057

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