Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c47g7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-18T08:22:53.480Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

25 Years of Feminist Empiricism and Standpoint Theory: Where Are We Now?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 March 2020

Abstract

Over the past twenty-five years, numerous articles in Hypatia have clarified, revised, and defended increasingly more nuanced views of both feminist empiricism and standpoint feminism. Feminist empiricists have argued that scientific knowledge is contextual and socially situated (Longino 1990; Nelson 1990; Anderson 1995), and standpoint feminists have begun to endorse virtues of theory choice that have been traditionally empiricist (Wylie 2003). In fact, it is unclear whether substantive differences remain. I demonstrate that current versions of feminist empiricism and standpoint feminism now have much in common but that key differences remain. Specifically, they make competing claims about what is required for increasing scientific objectivity. They disagree about 1) the kind of diversity within scientific communities that is epistemically beneficial and 2) the role that ethical and political values can play. In these two respects, feminist empiricists have much to gain from the resources provided by standpoint theory. As a result, the views would be best merged into “feminist standpoint empiricism.”

Type
Contributed Papers
Copyright
Copyright © 2010 by Hypatia, Inc.

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, Elizabeth. 1995. Feminist epistemology: An interpretation and defense. Hypatia 10 (3): 5084.10.1111/j.1527-2001.1995.tb00737.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, Elizabeth. 2004. Uses of value judgments in science: A general argument, with lessons from a case study of feminist research on divorce. Hypatia 19 (1): 124.10.1111/j.1527-2001.2004.tb01266.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, Elizabeth. 2006. The epistemology of democracy. Episteme 3 (1): 822.10.3366/epi.2006.3.1-2.8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Antony, Louise. 1993. Quine as feminist: The radical import of naturalized epistemology. In A mind of one's own, ed. Antony, Louise and Witt, Charlotte. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.Google Scholar
Bar On, Bat‐Ami. 1993. Marginality and epistemic privilege. In Feminist epistemologies, ed. Alcoff, Linda and Potter, Elizabeth. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Campbell, Richmond. 1994. The virtues of feminist empiricism. Hypatia 9 (1): 90115.10.1111/j.1527-2001.1994.tb00111.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, Richmond. 1998. Illusions of paradox: A feminist epistemology naturalized. Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc.Google Scholar
Clough, Sharyn. 2003. Beyond epistemology: A pragmatist approach to feminist science studies. Landham, Md: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc.Google Scholar
Clough, Sharyn. 2004. Having it all: Naturalized normativity in feminist science studies. Hypatia 19 (1): 102–18.10.1111/j.1527-2001.2004.tb01270.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crasnow, Sharon. 2006. Feminist anthropology and sociology: Issues for social science. In Handbook of the philosophy of science, Volume 15: Philosophy of anthropology and sociology, ed. Turner, Stephen and Risjord, Mark. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Gould, Stephen J. 1996. The mismeasure of man. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.Google Scholar
Haack, Susan. 1998. Manifesto of a passionate moderate. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Harding, Sandra. 1986. The science question in feminism. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Harding, Sandra. 1991. Whose science? Whose knowledge? Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Harding, Sandra. 1993. Rethinking standpoint epistemology: What is strong objectivity? In Feminist epistemologies, ed. Alcoff, Linda and Potter, Elizabeth. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Harding, Sandra. 1998. Gender, development, and post‐enlightenment philosophies of science. Hypatia 13 (3): 146–67.10.1111/j.1527-2001.1998.tb01375.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harding, Sandra. 2004. A socially relevant philosophy of science? Resources from standpoint theory's controversiality. Hypatia 19 (1): 2547.10.1111/j.1527-2001.2004.tb01267.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harding, Sandra. 2008. Sciences from below: Feminisms, postcolonialities, and modernities. Raleigh: Duke University Press.10.1215/9780822381181CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartsock, Nancy. 1983. The feminist standpoint: Developing the ground for a specifically feminist historical materialism. Reprinted in The feminist standpoint theory reader, ed. Harding, Sandra. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Hartsock, Nancy. 1997. Comments on Hekman's “Truth and method: Feminist standpoint theory revisited.” Truth or justice? Signs 22 (2): 367–74.Google Scholar
Hekman, Susan. 1997. Truth and method: Feminist standpoint theory revisited. Signs 22 (2): 341–65.10.1086/495159CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hennessy, Rosemary. 1993. Women's lives/feminist knowledge: Feminist standpoint as ideology critique. Hypatia 8 (1): 1434.10.1111/j.1527-2001.1993.tb00626.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill Collins, Patricia. 1991. Learning from the outsider within. In Beyond methodology: Feminist scholarship as lived research, ed. Fonow, Mary Margaret and Cook, Judith A.Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Hundleby, Catherine. 1997. Where standpoint stands now. Women & politics 18 (3): 2543.10.1080/1554477X.1997.9970820CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Intemann, Kristen. 2010. Standpoint empiricism: Rethinking the terrain in feminist philosophy of science. In New waves in philosophy of science, ed. Magnus, P. D. and Busch, Jacob. Houndmills, UK: Palgrave MacMillan.Google Scholar
Kourany, Janet. 2003. A philosophy of science for the twenty‐first century. Philosophy of science 70 (1): 114.10.1086/367864CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kukla, Rebecca. 2006. Objectivity and perspective in empirical knowledge. Episteme 3 (1): 8095.10.3366/epi.2006.3.1-2.80CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Longino, Helen. 1990. Science as social knowledge. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Longino, Helen. 1995. Gender, politics, and the theoretical virtues. Synthese 104 (3): 383–97.10.1007/BF01064506CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Longino, Helen. 1996. Cognitive and non‐cognitive values in science: Rethinking the dichotomy. In Feminism, science, and the philosophy of science, ed. Nelson, Lynn Hankinson and Nelson, Jack. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Google Scholar
Longino, Helen. 2002. The fate of knowledge. Princeton: Princeton University Press.10.1515/9780691187013CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nelson, Lynn Hankinson. 1990. Who knows? From Quine to a feminist empiricism. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Pinnick, Casandra, Koertge, Noretta, and Almeder, Robert F., eds. 2003. Scrutinizing feminist epistemology. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Rolin, Kristina. 2006. The bias paradox in feminist standpoint epistemology. Episteme 1 (2): 125–36.Google Scholar
Rose, Hilary. 1983. Hand, brain, heart: A feminist epistemology for the natural sciences. Signs 9 (1): 7390.10.1086/494025CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, Dorothy. 1974. Women's perspective as a radical critique of sociology. Sociological Inquiry 44 (1): 713.10.1111/j.1475-682X.1974.tb00718.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, Dorothy. 1997. Comments on Hekman's “Truth and method: Feminist standpoint theory revisited.”. Signs 22 (2): 392–98.10.1086/495164CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sobstyl, Edrie. 2004. Re‐radicalizing Nelson's feminist empiricism. Hypatia 19 (1): 119–41.10.1111/j.1527-2001.2004.tb01271.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solomon, Miriam. 2006. Norms of epistemic diversity. Episteme 3 (1): 2336.10.3366/epi.2006.3.1-2.23CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tuana, Nancy. 1992. The radical future of feminist empiricism. Hypatia 7 (1): 100–19.10.1111/j.1527-2001.1992.tb00700.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wylie, Alison. 2001. Doing social science as a feminist: The engendering of archaeology. In Feminism in twentieth century science, technology, and medicine, ed. Creager, Angela N.H., Lunbeck, Elizabeth, and Schiebinger, Londa. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Wylie, Alison. 2003. Why standpoint matters. In Science and other cultures: Issues in philosophies of science and technology, ed. Figueroa, Robert and Harding, Sandra. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Wylie, Alison, and Nelson, Lynn Hankinson. 2007. Coming to terms with the values of science: Insights from feminist science studies scholarship. In Value‐free science: Ideals and illusions, ed. Kincaid, Harold, Dupré, John, and Wylie, Alison. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar