Experiments relating to measurements of total and momentum-transfer cross sections for the scattering of low-energy electrons by atoms and diatomic molecules are critically reviewed. Principal emphasis is placed upon the Ramsauer method, dc swarms, and crossed-beams experiments, which account for the bulk of the reliable data in the literature although other techniques including differential measurements are also discussed. The theories of the various methods and possible sources of error are discussed. The case of low-energy electron scattering by helium is exhaustively reviewed since this system has been most intensively studied experimentally and is particularly amenable as well to theoretical calculations. The best available cross section values, along with comments on individual experiments, are presented in several tables.

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.43.601