The occurrence of liquid-vapor phase transition and the possible existence of a critical point in complex plasmas—systems that consist of charged micrograins in a neutralizing plasma background—is investigated theoretically. An analysis based on the consideration of the intergrain interaction potential suggests that under certain conditions systems near and at the critical point should be observable. Measurements under microgravity conditions would appear to be required. The analysis aims at determining the plasma parameter regime most suitable for planned experimental investigations.

• Received 7 June 2005

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.015001