We show that localized states in solids can be conveniently investigated using techniques which are widely applied in the theory of atomic and nuclear spectra. The effective-mass theory for shallow acceptor states is formulated in a simple way and a meaningful classification of these states is obtained. The eigenvalue problem is reduced to simple radial Hamiltonians which are solved for the most important acceptor states.

• Received 23 October 1970

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.25.1660