Abstract
We derive that lightning can start if the electric field is 15% of the breakdown field, and if elongated ice particles of 6 cm length and 100 free electrons per are present. This is one particular example set from a parameter range that we discuss as well. Our simulations include the permittivity of ice. 100 free electrons per exist at 5.5 km altitude in air showers created by cosmic particles of at least . If the electric field zone is 3 m high and in the horizontal direction, at least one discharge per minute can be triggered. The size distribution of the ice particles is crucial for our argument; more detailed measurements would be desirable.
- Received 9 March 2015
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.015002
© 2015 American Physical Society