Figure 1

(a) Sample holder for the reciprocity test of nuclear resonance scattering of synchrotron radiation (sizes in units of mm). The dashed line indicates the path of the synchrotron beam going through two slits of 0.5 mm diameter. The two $\alpha \mathrm{\text{−}}{}^{57}\mathrm{Fe}$ foils are mounted on the slits between permanent magnets providing 0.19 T magnetic field in the required direction, adjustable by the dark gray wheels mounted in the plane of the foils. (b),(c) Geometrical arrangement for the (magnitude) reciprocal and the nonreciprocal case, respectively. The synchrotron beam propagates in the direction of the $z$ axis and gets scattered on foils 1, 3 (reciprocal scattering) or 2, 3 (nonreciprocal scattering). The thick arrows show the direction of the magnetic field in the iron foils, also given by the polar angles.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 2

(a) Measured (dotted lines) and simulated (solid lines) nuclear resonance forward scattering of synchrotron radiation time spectra on two $\alpha \mathrm{\text{−}}{}^{57}\mathrm{Fe}$ foils of $6\mu \mathrm{m}$ thickness using the polarizer-analyzer setup for incident $\sigma$ (viz. horizontal electric) linearly polarized photons scattered to the same polarization ($\sigma \to \sigma$ scattering) for the case of hyperfine magnetic field orientations shown in Fig. 1b (foils 1, 3). (b) Results for the reciprocal (source-detector exchanged) situation realized by the 180° rotation of the scatterer [Fig. 1a]. (c) The amount of nonreciprocity, displayed as the ratio of the counts for the direct process (a) and of the reciprocal process (b). The ratio is found to be near the constant 1, which is the value when the intensities exhibit reciprocity. Slight deviations of the ratio from 1 can be seen in the regions of the minima of the beatings, where the count rates are low and statistical errors are significant.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 3

Results for the hyperfine magnetic field orientations shown in Fig. 1c (foils 2, 3)—figure analogous to Fig. 2. Up to 3 orders of magnitude large nonreciprocity ratio is observed.Reuse & Permissions