We present the exact solution of the one-dimensional extended Hubbard model in the atomic limit within the Green’s function and equations of motion formalism. We provide a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the model by considering all the relevant response and correlation functions as well as thermodynamic quantities in the whole parameters space. At zero temperature we identify four phases in the plane $\left(U,n\right)$ ($U$ is the on-site potential and $n$ is the filling) and relative phase transitions as well as different types of charge ordering. These features are endorsed by investigating at $T=0$ the chemical potential and pertinent local correlators, the particle and double occupancy correlation functions, the entropy, and by studying the behavior in the limit $T\to 0$ of the charge and spin susceptibilities. A detailed study of the thermodynamic quantities is also presented at finite temperature. This study evidences that a finite-range order persists for a wide range of the temperature, as shown by the behavior of the correlation functions and by the two-peak structure exhibited by the charge susceptibility and by the entropy. Moreover, the equations of motion formalism, together with the use of composite operators, allows us to exactly determine the set of elementary excitations. As a result, the density of states can be determined and a detailed analysis of the specific heat allows for identifying the excitations and for ascribing its two-peak structure to a redistribution of the charge density.

• Received 11 February 2008

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.77.061120