Figure 1

(Color online) Simulated time and energy dependence of the full electron distribution in a gold sample (at $z=0$) irradiated by a $50\text{−}\mathrm{fs}$ laser pulse with $h\nu =1.55\mathrm{eV}$ and an absorbed fluence of $5\mu \mathrm{J}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^2$. The peak laser power is reached at $t=0$. The parameters used in the calculation are reported in Table .Reuse & Permissions

Figure 2

(Color online) Simulated temperature profiles in a gold sample (at $z=0$) irradiated by a $50\text{−}\mathrm{fs}$ laser pulse with an absorbed fluence of $5\mu \mathrm{J}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^2$ [numerical solutions of Eqs. (16a)$–$(17b)]. Three different photon energies have been used: $h\nu =1.55\mathrm{eV}$ [black (solid) line], $1.2\mathrm{eV}$ [red (dashed) line], and $0.8\mathrm{eV}$ [green (dotted) line]. The rise of the lattice temperature is negligible due to the weak electron-phonon coupling in Au. The inset shows the time evolution of the corresponding heat sources.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 3

(Color online) (a) Comparison of the electronic and lattice temperature profiles obtained from the traditional TTM [black (solid) line and black (dot-dashed) line, respectively] and the extended one [red (dashed) line and red (dotted) line, respectively] in a Ruthenium sample (at $z=0$) irradiated by a $50\text{−}\mathrm{fs}$ laser pulse with $h\nu =1.55\mathrm{eV}$ and an absorbed fluence of $50\mu \mathrm{J}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^2$. (b) Time evolution of the heat sources governing the temperature profiles in (a). Note that for the traditional TTM [black (solid) line] the only heat source is the electronic one, given by the absorbed laser power density. The inset reports the temporal evolution of the electronic internal energy densities computed from the traditional TTM [black (solid) line] and the extended TTM [blue (dotted) line for thermal electrons and green (dashed) line for nonthermal ones; see text for the details.]Reuse & Permissions