Real Space Imaging of One-Dimensional Standing Waves: Direct Evidence for a Luttinger Liquid

Jhinhwan Lee, S. Eggert, H. Kim, S.-J. Kahng, H. Shinohara, and Y. Kuk

Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 166403 – Published 14 October 2004

Abstract

Electronic standing waves with two different wavelengths were directly mapped near one end of a single-wall carbon nanotube as a function of the tip position and the sample bias voltage with high-resolution position-resolved scanning tunneling spectroscopy. The observed two standing waves caused by separate spin and charge bosonic excitations are found to constitute direct evidence for a Luttinger liquid. The increased group velocity of the charge excitation, the power-law decay of their amplitudes away from the scattering boundary, and the suppression of the density of states near the Fermi level were also directly observed or calculated from the two different standing waves.

Received 28 January 2004

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.166403

Authors & Affiliations

Jhinhwan Lee¹, S. Eggert^2,*, H. Kim¹, S.-J. Kahng³, H. Shinohara⁴, and Y. Kuk^1,†

¹Department of Physics and Center for Science in Nanometer Scale, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
²Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chalmers University of Technology and Göteborg University, S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
³Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
⁴Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan

^*Present address: Department of Physics, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, D67663 Germany.
^†Corresponding author. Electronic address: ykuk@phya.snu.ac.kr

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Vol. 93, Iss. 16 — 15 October 2004

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