Figure 1

Sketch of the experimental setup: The microscope, embedded partly in a cylindrical glass housing, is operated at a working distance of 45 mm from the focus of the shock wave generator. The bubble generator is positioned with an $x\mathrm{\text{−}}y\mathrm{\text{−}}z$ translation stage.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 2

Pressure versus time recorded with a PVDF needle-type hydrophone. Experimental observations are limited before and to the time the overpressure acts (shaded gray). Note, the rise time of the positive peak is strongly overestimated due to the limited bandwidth of the hydrophone. Presumably it is around 10 ns.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 3

The jetting of bubbles recorded with the two frame camera is displayed exemplarily. (left panel) The bubbles are shown before the shock enters the field of view from below. (right panel) $2.5\mu \mathrm{s}$ later the bubbles have formed a protrusion in the direction of the shock wave passage. The exposure time is $1.6\mu \mathrm{s}$.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 4

(left panel) Sketch of the three stages in the course of liquid jetting: First the shock front impinges at the bottom of the bubble, then the bubble shrinks due to the overpressure, and its center is accelerated upwards. Liquid surrounding the bubble is focused on the rear and through the bubbles forming a protrusion (depicted gray) on the upper side. At last, the jet breaks up and a tiny presumably liquid filled bubble remains. (right panel) Photographs of a bubble before (left) and after the shock wave passage. The right image shows the bubble dynamics captured blurred (exposure time $1.6\mu \mathrm{s}$) $2.5\mu \mathrm{s}$ later than the left. The size of the individual frames is $(528\times 182)\mu {\mathrm{m}}^2$. Please note that the shock wave is traveling under an angle of $45°$ to the photographic view.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 5

Four bubbles 0.3 ms (left panel) before the shock wave arrives and $1.5\mu \mathrm{s}$ (right panel) after the shock has entered from the bottom of the frame. The exposure time is 150 ns and the individual size of the frame is $(880\times 250)\mu {\mathrm{m}}^2$. The right pointing arrows indicate the center translation; the arrows pointing left depict the remaining bubble from the jet breakup.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 6

The jet tip length, the displacement of the center, and the averaged velocity of the liquid jet is plotted versus the initial bubble radius. The symbols correspond to four different pressure amplitudes; ○ for 11 MPa, □ for 14 MPa, ◇ for 21 MPa, and * for 100 MPa, respectively. The solid lines depict the calculated center displacement for the three lowest pressure amplitudes.Reuse & Permissions