Characterizing the local structural evolution is an essential step in understanding the nature of glass transition. In this work, we probe the evolution of Voronoi cell geometry in simple glass models by simulations and colloid experiments, and find that the individual particle cages deform anisotropically in supercooled liquid and isotropically in glass. We introduce an anisotropy parameter $k$ for each Voronoi cell, whose mean value exhibits a sharp change at the mode-coupling glass transition ${\varphi }_{\mathrm{c}}$. Moreover, a power law of packing fraction $\varphi \propto q_1^d$ is discovered in the supercooled liquid regime with $d>D$, in contrast to $d=D$ in the glass regime, where $q_1$ is the first peak position of structure factor, and $D$ is the space dimension. This power law is qualitatively explained by the change of $k$. The active motions in supercooled liquid are spatially correlated with long axes rather than short axes of Voronoi cells. In addition, the dynamic slowing down approaching the glass transition can be well characterized through a modified free-volume model based on $k$. These findings reveal that the structural parameter $k$ is effective in identifying the structure-dynamics correlations and the glass transition in these systems.

• Received 4 May 2023
• Revised 3 September 2023
• Accepted 12 January 2024

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.078201