Coherent Gate Operations in Hybrid Magnonics

Jing Xu, Changchun Zhong, Xu Han, Dafei Jin, Liang Jiang, and Xufeng Zhang

Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 207202 – Published 21 May 2021

Abstract

Electromagnonics—the hybridization of spin excitations and electromagnetic waves—has been recognized as a promising candidate for coherent information processing in recent years. Among its various implementations, the lack of available approaches for real-time manipulation on the system dynamics has become a common and urgent limitation. In this work, by introducing a fast and uniform modulation technique, we successfully demonstrate a series of benchmark coherent gate operations in hybrid magnonics, including semiclassical analogies of Landau-Zener transitions, Rabi oscillations, Ramsey interference, and controlled mode swap operations. Our approach lays the groundwork for dynamical manipulation of coherent signals in hybrid magnonics and can be generalized to a broad range of applications.

Received 6 November 2020
Revised 21 April 2021
Accepted 22 April 2021

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.207202

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Magnons Spin waves

Condensed Matter, Materials & Applied Physics

Authors & Affiliations

Jing Xu¹, Changchun Zhong ², Xu Han¹, Dafei Jin¹, Liang Jiang ², and Xufeng Zhang^1,*

¹Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
²Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA

^*Corresponding author. xufeng.zhang@anl.gov

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Vol. 126, Iss. 20 — 21 May 2021

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Images

Figure 1
(a) Device schematics. A spherical YIG magnonic resonator is placed underneath a cylindrical dielectric resonator (DR) inside a copper housing (not shown for clarity). An external magnetic field $H$ is applied along $z$ by a permanent magnet. The probe loop is for microwave excitation and readout; the gate loop around the YIG sphere provides control fields along $z$ using pulsed dc currents. The gate loop is optimized to three turns in the real device, but only a single turn is plotted for clarity. The color map and vertical dashed lines show the amplitude and direction of the microwave magnetic ( $h$ ) fields of the DR ${TE}_{01 δ}$ mode. (b),(c) Measured cavity reflection ( $S_{11}$ ) spectra when the bias magnetic field and gate voltage are swept, respectively. (d) Pulse response of the on-resonance cavity reflection when a train of 800 ns $10 V_{pp}$ dc pulses with a repetition rate of 200 kHz is applied to the gate.
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Figure 2
(a) Schematics of the pulse sequence used for measuring the Landau-Zener (LZ) transition. A $10 V_{pp}$ detuning pulse with a rise edge $t_{LZ}$ and peak duration 500 ns is applied right after the 100 ns input microwave pulse. The cavity reflection is read out right after the detuning pulse rise edge (red arrow). (b) Measured normal mode frequencies of the hybrid magnonic system. $S_{0}$ is the initial state after the pulsed rf excitation; $P_{1, 2}$ and $S_{1, 2}$ are the possible transition paths and the corresponding final states, respectively. (c) Top panel: Normalized amplitude (Norm. amp.) for the cavity mode measured after the detuning pulse as a function of $t_{LZ}$ with (circles) and without LZ transition (squares), respectively. Solid and dashed lines are the calculation results for these two situations, respectively. Bottom panel: Measured (triangles) and calculated (solid line) ratio of the amplitudes with and without the LZ transition.
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Figure 3
(a) Schematics of the pulse sequence for measuring the Rabi oscillation. A $10 V_{pp}$ rectangular-shaped Rabi pulse is applied after the 100 ns microwave input pulse. The detuning pulse has a rise or fall edge of 6 ns with a varying pulse length $t_{R}$ . The cavity reflection is read out right after the Rabi pulse. (b) Red (black) line shows the cavity reflection spectrum at the pulse peak (bottom), where magnons are on (off) resonance with cavity photons. (c) Measured (red open circles) and calculated (black solid line) time trace of the cavity reflection signal as a function of the Rabi pulse length $t_{R}$ , respectively. Inset shows the Bloch sphere representation of the system state evolution after a 56 ns (left) and 111 ns (right) pulse, which serve as $π / 2$ and $π$ pulses, respectively. $α$ is the initial photon mode amplitude.
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Figure 4
(a) Measured Ramsey fringe using the pulse sequence shown in the inset with two $10 V_{pp}$ $π / 2$ pulses separated by $τ$ . (b) Measured cavity reflection signal after a mode swap operation using the pulse sequence shown in the inset with two $10 V_{pp}$ $π$ pulses separated by $τ$ . In both measurements, the first detuning pulse is applied immediately after the 100 ns rf excitation pulse, and the cavity reflection is read out (at red arrows) right after the second pulse.
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