Effects of in-medium cross sections and optical potential on thermal-source formation in $p+^{197}\mathrm{Au}$ reactions at $6.2--14.6\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GeV}∕c$

Effects of in-medium cross sections and optical potential on thermal-source formation in $p + {}^{197}{Au}$ reactions at $6.2 - 14.6 GeV ∕ c$

S. Turbide, L. Beaulieu, P. Danielewicz, V. E. Viola, R. Roy, K. Kwiatkowski, W.-C. Hsi, G. Wang, T. Lefort, D. S. Bracken, H. Breuer, E. Cornell, F. Gimeno-Nogues, D. S. Ginger, S. Gushue, R. Huang, R. Korteling, W. G. Lynch, K. B. Morley, E. Ramakrishnan, L. P. Remsberg, D. Rowland, M. B. Tsang, H. Xi, and S. J. Yennello

Phys. Rev. C 70, 014608 – Published 19 July 2004

Abstract

Effects of in-medium cross sections and of optical potential on preequilibrium emission and on formation of a thermal source are investigated by comparing the results of transport simulations with experimental results from the $p + {}^{197}{Au}$ reaction at $6.2 - 14.6 GeV ∕ c$ . The employed transport model includes light-composite-particle production and allows for inclusion of in-medium particle-particle cross-section reduction and of momentum dependence in the particle optical potentials. Compared to the past, the model incorporates improved parametrizations of elementary high-energy processes. The simulations indicate that the majority of energy deposition occurs during the first $25 fm ∕ c$ of a reaction. This is followed by a preequilibrium emission and readjustment of system density and momentum distribution toward an equilibrated system. Within different variants of calculations, the best agreement with data, on the $d ∕ p$ and $t ∕ p$ yield ratios and on the residue mass and charge numbers, is obtained at the time of about $65 fm ∕ c$ from the start of a reaction, for simulations employing reduced in-medium cross sections and momentum-dependent optical potentials. By that time, the preequilibrium nucleon and cluster emission, as well as mean field readjustments, drive the system to a state of depleted average density, $ρ ∕ ρ_{0} \sim 1 ∕ 4 - 1 ∕ 3$ for central collisions, and low-to-moderate excitation, i.e., the region of nuclear liquid-gas phase transition.

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Received 25 February 2004

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.70.014608

Authors & Affiliations

S. Turbide^1,2, L. Beaulieu¹, P. Danielewicz³, V. E. Viola⁴, R. Roy¹, K. Kwiatkowski^4,*, W.-C. Hsi^4,†, G. Wang^4,‡, T. Lefort^4,§, D. S. Bracken^4,∥, H. Breuer⁵, E. Cornell^4,¶, F. Gimeno-Nogues⁶, D. S. Ginger^4,**, S. Gushue⁷, R. Huang³, R. Korteling⁸, W. G. Lynch³, K. B. Morley⁹, E. Ramakrishnan⁶, L. P. Remsberg⁷, D. Rowland⁶, M. B. Tsang³, H. Xi³, and S. J. Yennello⁶

¹Département de Physique, de Génie Physique et d’Optique, Universite Laval, Québec, Canada, G1K 7P4
²Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 University Street, Montreal, Canada H3A 2T8
³Department of Physics and NSCL, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
⁴Department of Chemistry and IUCF, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
⁵Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
⁶Department of Chemistry and Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
⁷Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
⁸Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A IS6
⁹Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA

^*Present address: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545.
^†Present address: Rush Presbyterian St. Lukes Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612.
^‡Present address: Epsilon Inc., Dallas, TX 75240.
^§Present address: LPC Caen, 6 Boulevard Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen Cedex, France.
^∥Present address: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545.
^¶Present address: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720.
^**Present address: Department of Physics, Cambridge University, United Kingdom.

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Vol. 70, Iss. 1 — July 2004

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Physical Review C

covering nuclear physics

Effects of in-medium cross sections and optical potential on thermal-source formation in $p + {}^{197}{Au}$ reactions at $6.2 - 14.6 GeV ∕ c$

Phys. Rev. C 70, 014608 – Published 19 July 2004

Abstract

Authors & Affiliations

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Physical Review C

covering nuclear physics

Effects of in-medium cross sections and optical potential on thermal-source formation in p+Au197 reactions at 6.2–14.6GeV∕c

Phys. Rev. C 70, 014608 – Published 19 July 2004

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Effects of in-medium cross sections and optical potential on thermal-source formation in $p + {}^{197}{Au}$ reactions at $6.2 - 14.6 GeV ∕ c$