We complete a classification of topological phases and their topological defects in crystalline insulators and superconductors. We consider topological phases and defects described by noninteracting Bloch and Bogoliubov–de Gennes Hamiltonians that support additional order-two spatial symmetry, besides any of 10 classes of symmetries defined by time-reversal symmetry and particle-hole symmetry. The additional order-two spatial symmetry we consider is general and it includes ${\mathit{Z}}_2$ global symmetry, mirror reflection, twofold rotation, inversion, and their magnetic point group symmetries. We find that the topological periodic table shows a periodicity in the number of flipped coordinates under the order-two spatial symmetry, in addition to the Bott periodicity in the space dimensions. Various symmetry-protected topological phases and gapless modes will be identified and discussed in a unified framework. We also present topological classification of symmetry-protected Fermi points. The bulk classification and the surface Fermi point classification provide a realization of the bulk-boundary correspondence in terms of the $K$ theory.

• Received 16 March 2014
• Revised 5 August 2014

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.90.165114