Figure 1

CTPL diagram representing the RIXS [Eq. (3)]. Time runs on the loop clockwise starting from bottom of the left strand. Interactions on each branch are time ordered with respect to each other. Interactions in different branches are not time ordered. The incoming and detected modes are denoted by the indices 1 and 2, respectively. $s_1$, $s_2$, and $s_3$ are positive time intervals along the loop. By ordering the interactions in different branches, Fig. 1 can be decomposed into three diagrams corresponding to three different Liouville space pathways (Ref. 14). However, this will not be necessary here.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 2

Three-level sequential transition dipole scheme used for pump-probe signal. $a$ and $c$ are valence ground and excited states, and $e$ is the valence $\left(N+1\right)$-electron excited state in the presence of one core hole.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 3

Two CTPL diagrams that contribute to the pump-probe signal for a two-valence-level scheme sketched in Fig. 2.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 4

Schematic of doorway and window in Eqs. (21, 22).Reuse & Permissions