Shaping the terahertz sound propagation in water under highly directional confinement

Alessio De Francesco, Luisa Scaccia, Ferdinando Formisano, Marco Maccarini, Francesco De Luca, Alexandra Parmentier, Ahmet Alatas, Alexey Suvorov, Yong Q. Cai, Ruipeng Li, and Alessandro Cunsolo

Phys. Rev. B 101, 054306 – Published 25 February 2020

Abstract

We consider here the possibility of shaping the high-frequency acoustic propagation in a liquid upon directional confinement. This hypothesis is investigated by inelastic x-ray scattering measurements on water confined in aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes, in which the momentum transfer was either parallel or orthogonal to the confinement axis. The comparison between the spectra measured in these two scattering geometries highlights the anisotropic nature of the dynamic response of directionally confined water, thus potentially inspiring pathways to shape high-frequency sound propagation in isotropic systems. Finally, a Bayesian analysis of measured spectra unravels close similarities in the phonon dispersions of multiwalled nanotubes and graphite.

Received 19 October 2019
Revised 30 December 2019
Accepted 30 January 2020

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.101.054306

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Acoustic phonons Confinement Phonons

Water

X-ray scattering

Condensed Matter, Materials & Applied Physics

Authors & Affiliations

Alessio De Francesco¹, Luisa Scaccia², Ferdinando Formisano ¹, Marco Maccarini ³, Francesco De Luca⁴, Alexandra Parmentier⁵, Ahmet Alatas⁶, Alexey Suvorov⁷, Yong Q. Cai⁷, Ruipeng Li⁷, and Alessandro Cunsolo ^7,*

¹Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Officina dei Materiali c/o OGG and Institut Laue Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
²Dipartimento di Economia e Diritto, Università di Macerata, Via Crescimbeni 20, 62100 Macerata, Italy
³Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
⁴Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro, 2, I-00185 Rome, Italy
⁵INFN - Division of Roma Tor Vergata, V. della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
⁶Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
⁷National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA

^*acunsolo@bnl.gov

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Vol. 101, Iss. 5 — 1 February 2020

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Images

Figure 1
Sketches illustrating the experimental scattering geometries used to detect collective modes that exchange momentum either orthogonal $(Q_{⊥}$ , case a) or parallel $(Q_{∥,}$ case b), as discussed in the text. Notice that the switch between $Q_{⊥}$ and $Q_{∥}$ geometries is implemented by rotating the substrate from a position parallel to the scattering plane to one orthogonal to it. Panel (c) illustrates the grazing geometry actually adopted for the $Q_{∥}$ measurements (see text).
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Figure 2
Comparison between the IXS spectra measured at $Q = 11.95 n m^{- 1}$ on the dry and the hydrated sample (full and empty dots, respectively) in the two scattering geometries. Data are normalized to the maximum intensity and compared to the correspondingly normalized instrumental resolution profiles (solid lines). The possible presence of a weak inelastic feature in the $Q_{∥}$ spectra is evidenced by the arrows in the plot. Notice that the error bars are within the symbol sizes for all IXS spectra except the one from the dry sample in the $Q_{∥}$ geometry.
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Figure 3
IXS spectra of the hydrated aMWCNTs at ambient condition are reported as measured at the $Q$ values indicated in the plots in the $Q_{⊥}$ (left column) and $Q_{∥}$ (right column) scattering geometries. In both geometries, the raw data (dots) are compared to best-fitting model line shapes (white lines through data), along with the elastic (dashed-dotted line), plus a first inelastic DHO term (thick line). Notice that, for the $Q = 6.94$ and $13.55 n m^{- 1} Q_{⊥}$ spectra, the most probable models include an additional DHO, reported as a gray dashed line, and, respectively, describing either an inelastic excitation or a quasielastic one.
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Figure 4
Dispersion curves derived for the aMWCNTs sample in the dry and hydrated samples, for both $Q_{⊥}$ and $Q_{∥}$ scattering geometries (see legend). The dispersion curves of bulk water and graphite are also included as derived from Ref. [43] and Ref. [24], respectively. The presence of the additional high-energy mode is suggested by the algorithm, although with a low plausibility at the two highest $Q$ 's (see text).
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Figure 5
Left panel: IXS spectral shapes in $Q_{∥}$ geometry from the hydrated aCNT sample and bulk water with respect to the resolution profile (measurements from 10ID spectrometer at NSLS II facility). Right panel: GIWAXS profiles from the dry and the hydrated samples are compared to each other (measurements from the 11BM beamline at NSLS II facility).
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