Periodic-Phase Acoustic Vortices with Tunable Comblike Orbital Angular Momentum Spectrum

Xin-Rui Li, Jia-Jia Feng, Bu-Chen Ping, Yang Sun, Da-Jian Wu, and Badreddine Assouar

Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 034008 – Published 6 September 2023

Abstract

Acoustic vortices (AVs) carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) have shown great significance in communication. However, crosstalk in acoustic communication based on traditional AVs with single OAM remains an issue. Here, we propose a periodic-phase acoustic vortex (PPAV) with a comblike OAM spectrum. The sample interval of the OAM spectrum of the PPAV can be modulated by the period number of the azimuthal phase. The influence of the period number on the acoustic properties of the PPAV and the evolution of the PPAV are investigated theoretically. Moreover, an acoustic artificial-structure plate engraved with 24 filled circular holes is designed to generate the PPAV in water. By changing the height of the resin layer filling each hole unit, the transmitted phase shift of the ultrasonic wave through them can be flexibly and efficiently manipulated. Both simulations and experiments confirm that the designed artificial plate with filled holes can produce the PPAV with an arbitrary topological charge. Finally, we preliminarily explore the possibility of applying the PPAV in acoustic communication and show that the OAM sample interval of the PPAV can be used as an independent degree of freedom for acoustic encoding-decoding communication. We believe that the PPAV generated by the acoustic artificial-structure plates may find good applications in microparticle manipulation and acoustic communication.

Received 8 May 2023
Revised 6 June 2023
Accepted 23 August 2023

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.20.034008

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Acoustic metamaterials Acoustic wave phenomena Acoustics

Angular momentum

Condensed Matter, Materials & Applied Physics

Authors & Affiliations

Xin-Rui Li ¹, Jia-Jia Feng¹, Bu-Chen Ping¹, Yang Sun¹, Da-Jian Wu^1,*, and Badreddine Assouar ^2,†

¹Jiangsu Key Lab of Opto-Electronic Technology, School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
²Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Institut Jean Lamour, Nancy 54000, France

^*wudajian@njnu.edu.cn
^†badreddine.assouar@univ-lorraine.fr

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Vol. 20, Iss. 3 — September 2023

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Images

Figure 1
(a) Schematic diagram of an original analytical model for a PPAV with TC l = 3 and period number N = 2. (b) Dependence of the phase, ψ_PPAV, of the PPAV with l = 3 and N = 2 on azimuthal angle θ. (c) Normalized analytical acoustic intensity and (d) phase distributions of the PPAV with l = 3 and N = 2. (e) Corresponding OAM spectrum of the PPAV.
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Figure 2
(a1)–(a5) Dependencies of phase ψ_PPAV of the PPAVs with l = 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, and 4 on azimuthal angle θ. Here, period number N is fixed at 2. (b1)–(b5) Normalized analytical acoustic intensity and (c1)–(c5) phase distributions of PPAVs with l = 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, and 4. Here, the observed plane is z = 7λ. (d1)–(d5) Corresponding OAM spectra of the PPAVs.
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Figure 3
Variations of phase ψ_PPAV of PPAVs with (a1) l = 1.5 and N = 1, (a2) l = 3 and N = 2, (a3) l = 4.5 and N = 3, and (a4) l = 6 and N = 4 with θ. (b1)–(b4) Normalized analytical acoustic intensity and (c1)–(c4) phase distributions of PPAVs with l = 1.5 and N = 1, l = 3 and N = 2, l = 4.5 and N = 3, and l = 6 and N = 4. Here, the observed plane is z = 7λ. (d1)–(d4) Corresponding OAM spectra of the PPAVs.
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Figure 4
(a) Schematic diagram of the AASP for generating the PPAV with l = 3 and N = 2. (b) Three-dimensional diagram of the CH unit filled with a resin layer. (c) Variations of transmissivity and phase shift of the transmitted acoustic field through one CH unit with thickness h of the filling resin layer. (d) Normalized simulated acoustic intensity distribution, (e) phase distribution, and (f) OAM spectrum of the transmitted acoustic field through the AASP. Here, the observed plane is z = 7λ.
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Figure 5
(a) Photograph of the AASP sample for generating a PPAV with l = 3 and N = 2 in water. (b) Normalized measured acoustic intensity and (c) phase distributions of the PPAV with l = 3 and N = 2 at a plane of z ≈ 7λ.
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Figure 6
Scheme for acoustic coded communication based on PPAVs. Normalized analytical acoustic intensity distributions, phase distributions, and OAM spectra of two bases (a) B₀ and (b) B₁ at a plane of z = 7λ. (c) Orthogonality matrix between B₀ and B₁. (d) Original image of a smiling face. (e) PPAV beam sequence at the transmitter end. (f) Demodulated OAM spectra of eight PPAVs in the sequence on the receiver side and (g) corresponding OAM sample interval N. (h) Decoded binary data stream and (i) reconstructed image.
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