A theoretical and experimental investigation of x-ray standing wave formation in crystals under weak diffracted beam conditions is presented. The standing wave phase dependence is described using the kinematical approximation and is valid at large deviations from the Bragg angle for nonperfect crystals as well as for ideal crystals. This formalism was successfully applied to experimental data from perfect GaAs and $\mathrm{Ca}{\mathrm{F}}_2∕\mathrm{Si}$ and from mosaic ${\mathrm{Cu}}_3\mathrm{Au}$ crystals. Based on these results, a novel method for kinematical x-ray standing wave analysis of nonperfect crystals is proposed.

• Received 14 June 2004

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.71.165404