It is found that when gravitational effects are taken into account, the two historical independent traditional hallmarks of ideal superconductors—perfect conductivity (σ) and perfect diamagnetism characterized by zero permeability (μ)—are actually related to each other in terms of a theoretical σ-μ model developed in this paper. Our result suggests a possible importance of gravitational effects in understanding superconductivity.

• Received 12 March 1992

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.46.5489