The Central Apparatus of Cilia and Eukaryotic Flagella

  1. Elizabeth F. Smith
  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
  1. Correspondence: elizabeth.f.smith{at}dartmouth.edu

Abstract

The motile cilium is a complex organelle that is typically comprised of a 9+2 microtubule skeleton; nine doublet microtubules surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubules. Like the doublet microtubules, the central microtubules form a scaffold for the assembly of protein complexes forming an intricate network of interconnected projections. The central microtubules and associated structures are collectively referred to as the central apparatus (CA). Studies using a variety of experimental approaches and model organisms have led to the discovery of a number of highly conserved protein complexes, unprecedented high-resolution views of projection structure, and new insights into regulation of dynein-driven microtubule sliding. Here, we review recent progress in defining mechanisms for the assembly and function of the CA and include possible implications for the importance of the CA in human health.



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      1. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol. 9: a028118 Copyright © 2017 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; all rights reserved

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