1887

Abstract

Bacterial interference between and in the nasopharynx has been observed during colonization, which might have important clinical implications for the widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in young children. This study aimed to determine whether the capacity of to compete with is dependent on bacterial genotype. Demographic and microbiological determinants of carriage of specific genotypes of in children were also studied. Children (=3198) were sampled in the nasopharynx to detect carriage of , and . genotypes and pneumococcal sero- and genotypes were determined. Age, gender, zip code, active smoking and co-colonization with or , both vaccine- and non-vaccine types, were not associated with colonization by specific genotypes. Based on the whole-genome typing data obtained, there was no obvious correlation between staphylococcal and pneumococcal genotypes during co-colonization. Passive smoking showed a significant association (=0.003) with carriage of a specific cluster. This study suggests that there are no major differences between clones (with different disease-invoking potential) in their capacity to compete with subtypes. Further studies should demonstrate whether differences in bacterial interference are due to more subtle genetic changes.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.2006/002279-0
2007-03-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/153/3/686.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.2006/002279-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Bannerman T. L. 2003; Staphylococcus , Micrococcus , and other catalase-positive cocci that grow aerobically. In Manual of Clinical Microbiology , 8th edn. vol. 1 pp 384–404 Edited by Murray P. R. Baron E. J., Jorgensen J. H., Pfaller M. A., Yolken R. P. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology;
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Bogaert D., van Belkum A., Sluijter M., Luijendijk A., Rumke H. C., Verbrugh H. A., Hermans P. W., de Groot, R. 2004; Colonisation by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus in healthy children. Lancet 363:1871–1872 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bogaert D., Sluijter M., Toom N. L., Mitchell T. J., Goessens W. H., Clark S. C., de Groot R., Hermans P. W. 2006; Dynamics of pneumococcal colonization in healthy Dutch children. Microbiology 152:377–385 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Cole A. M., Dewan P., Ganz T. 1999; Innate antimicrobial activity of nasal secretions. Infect Immun 67:3267–3275
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Cole A. M., Tahk S., Oren A., Yoshioka D., Kim Y. H., Park A., Ganz T. 2001; Determinants of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 8:1064–1069
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Foster T. J. 2004; The Staphylococcus aureus “superbug”. J Clin Invest 114:1693–1696 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Herz A. M., Greenhow T. L., Alcantara J., Hansen J., Baxter R. P., Black S. B., Shinefield H. R. 2006; Changing epidemiology of outpatient bacteremia in 3- to 36-month-old children after the introduction of the heptavalent-conjugated pneumococcal vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 25:293–300 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Koning S., van Belkum A., Snijders S., van Leeuwen W., Verbrugh H., Nouwen J., Op't Veld M., van Suijlekom-Smit L. W., van der Wouden J. C., Verduin C. 2003; Severity of nonbullous Staphylococcus aureus impetigo in children is associated with strains harboring genetic markers for exfoliative toxin B, Panton-Valentine leukocidin, and the multidrug resistance plasmid pSK41. J Clin Microbiol 41:3017–3021 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Luzar M. A., Coles G. A., Faller B., Slingeneyer A., Dah G. D., Briat C., Wone C., Knefati Y., Kessler M., Peluso F. 1990; Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and infection in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. N Engl J Med 322:505–509 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. McNally L. M., Jeena P. M., Gajee K., Sturm A. W., Tomkins A. M., Coovadia H. M., Goldblatt D. 2006; Lack of association between the nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus in HIV-1-infected South African children. J Infect Dis 194:385–390 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Melles D. C., Gorkink R. F., Boelens H. A., Snijders S. V., Peeters J. K., Moorhouse M. J., van der Spek P. J., van Leeuwen W. B., Simons G. other authors 2004; Natural population dynamics and expansion of pathogenic clones of Staphylococcus aureus . J Clin Invest 114:1732–1740 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Moss B., Squire J. R., Topley E. 1948; Nose and skin carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in patients receiving penicillin. Lancet 1:320–325
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Nguyen M. H., Kauffman C. A., Goodman R. P., Squier C., Arbeit R. D., Singh N., Wagener M. M., Yu V. L. 1999; Nasal carriage of and infection with Staphylococcus aureus in HIV-infected patients. Ann Intern Med 130:221–225 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Nouwen J., Ott A., Boelens H., Claassen M., van Belkum A., Hofman A., Verbrugh H. A. 2004; Smoking pattern and fasting glucose levels determine Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage . PhD thesis Erasmus University Medical Center; Rotterdam, The Netherlands:
  15. Peacock S. J., de Silva I., Lowy F. D. 2001; What determines nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus ?. Trends Microbiol 9:605–610 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Peacock S. J., Justice A., Griffiths D., de Silva G. D., Kantzanou M. N., Crook D., Sleeman K., Day N. P. 2003; Determinants of acquisition and carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in infancy. J Clin Microbiol 41:5718–5725 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Regev-Yochay G., Dagan R., Raz M., Carmeli Y., Shainberg B., Derazne E., Rahav G., Rubinstein E. 2004; Association between carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus in children. JAMA 292:716–720 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Regev-Yochay G., Trzcinski K., Thompson C. M., Malley R., Lipsitch M. 2006; Interference between Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus : in vitro hydrogen peroxide-mediated killing by Streptococcus pneumoniae . J Bacteriol 188:4996–5001 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Statens Serum Institut. 2004 Annual Report on Staphylococcus aureus Bacteraemia Cases 2004 Copenhagen, Denmark: Staphylococcus Laboratory, National Center for Antimicrobials and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut;
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Steinberg J. P., Clark C. C., Hackman B. O. 1996; Nosocomial and community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus bacteremias from 1980 to 1993: impact of intravascular devices and methicillin resistance. Clin Infect Dis 23:255–259 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. van Leeuwen W. B., Jay C., Snijders S., Durin N., Lacroix B., Verbrugh H. A., Enright M. C., Troesch A., van Belkum A. 2003; Multilocus sequence typing of Staphylococcus aureus with DNA array technology. J Clin Microbiol 41:3323–3326 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  22. van Steenbergen T. J., Colloms S. D., Hermans P. W., de Graaff J., Plasterk R. H. 1995; Genomic DNA fingerprinting by restriction fragment end labeling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92:5572–5576 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Veenhoven R., Bogaert D., Uiterwaal C., Brouwer C., Kiezebrink H., Bruin J. E. I. J., Hermans P., de Groot R., Zegers B. other authors 2003; Effect of conjugate pneumococcal vaccine followed by polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine on recurrent acute otitis media: a randomised study. Lancet 361:2189–2195 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  24. von Eiff C., Becker K., Machka K., Stammer H., Peters G. 2001; Nasal carriage as a source of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Study group. N Engl J Med 344:11–16 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Wertheim H. F., Melles D. C., Vos M. C., van Leeuwen W., van Belkum A., Verbrugh H. A., Nouwen J. L. 2005; The role of nasal carriage in Staphylococcus aureus infections. Lancet Infect Dis 5:751–762 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Yu V. L., Goetz A., Wagener M., Smith P. B., Rihs J. D., Hanchett J., Zuravleff J. J. 1986; Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and infection in patients on hemodialysis. Efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis. N Engl J Med 315:91–96 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.2006/002279-0
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.2006/002279-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error