1887

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Volume 100, Issue 11

Structure–function analysis of the equine hepacivirus 5′ untranslated region highlights the conservation of translational mechanisms across the hepaciviruses Open Access

Abstract

Equine hepacivirus (EHcV) (now also classified as hepacivirus A) is the closest genetic relative to hepatitis C virus (HCV) and is proposed to have diverged from HCV within the last 1000 years. The 5′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of both HCV and EHcV exhibit internal ribosome entry site (IRES) activity, allowing cap-independent translational initiation, yet only the HCV 5′UTR has been systematically analysed. Here, we report a detailed structural and functional analysis of the EHcV 5′UTR. The secondary structure was determined using selective 2′ hydroxyl acylation analysed by primer extension (SHAPE), revealing four stem–loops, termed SLI, SLIA, SLII and SLIII, by analogy to HCV. This guided a mutational analysis of the EHcV 5′UTR, allowing us to investigate the roles of the stem–loops in IRES function. This approach revealed that SLI was not required for EHcV IRES-mediated translation. Conversely, SLIII was essential, specifically SLIIIb, SLIIId and a GGG motif that is conserved across the . Further SHAPE analysis provided evidence that this GGG motif mediated interaction with the 40S ribosomal subunit, whilst a CUU sequence in the apical loop of SLIIIb mediated an interaction with eIF3. In addition, we showed that a microRNA122 target sequence located between SLIA and SLII mediated an enhancement of translation in the context of a subgenomic replicon. Taken together, these results highlight the conservation of hepaciviral translation mechanisms, despite divergent primary sequences.

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Keyword(s): 5′ untranslated region , equine hepacivirus , internal ribosome entry site , selective 2′ hydroxyl acylation analysed by primer extension and translation
© 2019 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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2019-11-01
2024-04-19
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Structure–function analysis of the equine hepacivirus 5′ untranslated region highlights the conservation of translational mechanisms across the hepaciviruses
J. Gen. Virol. 100, 1501 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.001316
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.001316
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