1887

Microbiology Society logo

Volume 138, Issue 10

Role of calcium in adhesion and germination of zoospore cysts of : a model to explain infection of host plants Free

Abstract

Newly-formed zoospore cysts of adhered to glass and germinated without a further trigger, but both adhesion and germination were suppressed by EGTA. Older (10 min) cysts adhered and germinated poorly unless supplied with Ca. Adhesion and germination were linked but separable, because young cysts germinated when dislodged from glass after 10 min, and older cysts kept in suspension germinated in response to high (7–10 mM) concentrations of Ca, Mgor Sr. Other cations (Li, Na, K, Ba, Mn, Fe, Cu) had no effect up to 25 mM concentration or were toxic. The naturally low germination of suspended cysts was suppressed by EGTA (chelator), Laor verapamil (Caentry blockers), amiloride (Caflux inhibitor), trifluoperazine or dibucaine (calmodulin antagonists), TMB-8 (intracellular Caantagonist) or A23187 (Caionophore). Suppression by TMB-8 or A23187 was not relieved by any post-treatment. Suppression by EGTA was relieved only by divalent cations. Suppression by all other compounds was relieved only by specific L-amino acids that stimulated germination of control cysts (asparagine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid but not lysine or glutamine, where tested). Alanine relieved suppression by verapamil or dibucaine in but not . The findings indicated a central role of Ca(presumably released during encystment) in adhesion and germination, such that zoospores would germinate autonomously by a Ca-mediated cascade when they dock and encyst on roots with the fixed point of germination adjacent to the host. Amino acids are not essential but apparently synergize this process by species-specific receptor-binding which facilitates Cauptake or Casignalling.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Revised:
  • Published Online:
© Society for General Microbiology, 1992
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-138-10-2051
1992-10-01
2024-04-24
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/138/10/mic-138-10-2051.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-138-10-2051&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Bereza U. L., , Brewer G. J., & Mizukami I. 1982; Association of calmodulin inhibition with erythrocyte membrane stabilization and pharmacological effects of drugs. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 692:305–314
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Byrt P. N., , Irving H. R., & Grant B. R. 1982; The effect of cations on zoospores of the fungus Phytophthora cinnamomi . Journal of General Microbiology 128:1189–1198
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Deacon J. W. 1988; Behavioural responses of fungal zoospores. Microbiological Sciences 5:249–252
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Estrada-Garcia M. T., , Callow J. A., & Green J. R. 1990; Monoclonal antibodies to the adhesive cell coat secreted by Pythium aphanidermatum zoospores recognise 200 × 103 Mr glycoproteins stored within large peripheral vesicles. Journal of Cell Science 95:199–206
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Gilbertson T. A., , Scobey R., & Wilson M. 1991; Permeation of calcium ions through non-NMDA-glutamate channels in retinal bipolar cells. Science 251:1613–1615
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Godfraind T., , Miller R., & Wibo M. 1986; Calcium antagonism and calcium entry blockage. Pharmacological Reviews 38:321–416
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Goldberg N. P., , Hawes M. C., & Stanghellini M. E. 1989; Specific attraction to and infection of cotton root cap cells by zoospores of Pythium dissotocum . Canadian Journal of Botany 67:1760–1767
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Grant B. R., , Griffith J. M., & Irving H. R. 1986; A model to explain ion-induced differentiation in zoospores of Phytophthora palmivora . Experimental Mycology 10:89–98
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Grove S. N., & Bracker C. E. 1978; Protoplasmic changes during zoospore encystment and cyst germination in Pythium aphaniderma-tum . Experimental Mycology 2:51–98
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Gubler F., & Hardham A. R. 1988; Secretion of adhesive material during encystment of Phytophthora cinnamomi zoospores, characterized by immunogold labelling with monoclonal antibodies to components of peripheral vesicles. Journal of Cell Science 90:225–235
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Gubler F., & Hardham A. R. 1991 The fate of peripheral vesicles in zoospores of − Phytophthora cinnamomi during infection of plants. In Electron Microscopy of Plant Pathogens, pp. 197–210 Edited by Mengden K., & person-group-type="editor"> Lesemann D. E. London: Springer-Verlag;
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Gubler F., , Hardham A. R., & Duniec J. 1989; Characterizing adhesiveness of Phytophthora cinnamomi zoospores during encystment. Protoplasma 149:24–30
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Gubler F., , Jablonsky P. P., , Duniec J., & Hardham A. R. 1990; Localization of calmodulin in flagella of zoospores of Phytophthora cinnamomi . Protoplasma 155:233–238
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Hardham A. R., & Gubler F. 1990; Polarity of attachment of zoospores of a root pathogen and pre-alignment of the emerging germ tube. Cell Biology International Reports 14:947–956
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Hinch J.M., & Clarke A. E. 1980; Adhesion of fungal zoospores to root surfaces is mediated by carbohydrate determinants of the root slime. Physiological Plant Pathology 16:303–307
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Hollmann M., , Hartley M., & Heinemann S. 1991; Ca2+ permeability of KA-AMPA-gated glutamate receptor channels depends on subunit composition. Science 252:851–853
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Irving H. R., & Grant B. R. 1984; The effect of calcium on zoospore differentiation in Phytophthora cinnamomi . Journal of General Microbiology 130:1569–1576
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Irving H. R., , Griffith J.M., & Grant B. R. 1984; Calcium efflux associated with encystment of Phytophthora palmivora zoospores. Cell Calcium 5:487–500
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Iser J. R., , Griffith J. M., , Balson A., & Grant B. R. 1989; Accelerated ion fluxes during differentiation in zoospores of Phytophthora palmivora . Cell Differentiation and Development 26:29–38
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Jones S. W., , Donaldson S. P., & Deacon J. W. 1991; Behaviour of zoospores and zoospore cysts in relation to root infection by Pythium aphanidermatum . New Phytologist 117:289–301
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Longman D., & Callow J. A. 1987; Specific saccharide residues are involved in the recognition of plant root surfaces by zoospores of Pythium aphanidermatum . Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 30:139–150
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Mitchell R. T., & Deacon J. W. 1986a; Chemotropism of germtubes from zoospore cysts of Pythium spp. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 86:233–237
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Mitchell R. T., & Deacon J. W. 1986b; Differential (host-specific) accumulation of zoospores of Pythium on roots of graminaceous and non-graminaceous plants. New Phytologist 102:113–122
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Mitchell R. T., & Deacon J. W. 1986c; Selective accumulation of zoospores of chytridiomycetes and oomycetes on cellulose and chitin. Transactions of the British M ycological Society 86:219–223
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Owen N. E., & VILLEREAL M. L. 1982; The effect of the intracellular antagonist TMB-8 on serum stimulated sodium influx in human fibroblasts. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 109:762–768
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Paktitis S., , Grant B., & Lawrie A. 1986; Surface changes in Phytophthora palmivora zoospores following induced differentiation. Protoplasma 135:119–129
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Penington C. J., , Iser J. R., , Grant B. R., & Gayler K. R. 1989; Role of RN A and protein synthesis in stimulated germination of zoospores of the pathogenic fungus Phytophthora palmivora . Exper-imental Mycology 13:158–168
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Pressman B. C. 1976; Biological applications of ionophores. Annual Review of Biochemistry 45:501–530
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Schmid R. W., & Reilley C. N. 1957; New complexon for titration of calcium in the presence of magnesium. Analytical Chemistry 29:264–268
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Sing V. O., & Bartnicki-Garcia S. 1975; Adhesion of Phytophthora palmivora zoospores: electron microscopy of cell attachment and cyst wall fibril formation. Journal of Cell Science 18:123–132
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Snedecor G. W., & Cochrane W. G. 1980 Statistical Methods, , 7th edn.. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press;
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Tokunaga J., & Bartnicki-Garcia S. 1971; Cyst wall formation and endogenous carbohydrate utilisation during synchronous encystment of Phytophthora palmivora zoospores. Archiv far Mikrobiologie 79:282–292
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Tytgat J., , Vereecke J., & Carmeliet E. 1990; Mechanism of cardiac T-type Ca channel blockade by amiloride. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 254:546–551
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-138-10-2051
Loading
Role of calcium in adhesion and germination of zoospore cysts of Pythium: a model to explain infection of host plants
Microbiology 138, 2051 (1992); https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-138-10-2051
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-138-10-2051
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-138-10-2051
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error