Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
ARTICLESValidity of DSM-IV Subtypes of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Family Study Perspective
Section snippets
Subjects
We studied 2 groups of families originally ascertained through DSM-III-R-defined ADHD boy probands (Faraone et al., 1993, 1995, 1997, 1998b): 140 children with ADHD and 120 normal control children. Potential subjects were excluded if they had been adopted or if their nuclear family was not available for study. We excluded children if they had major sensorimotor handicaps (e.g., paralysis, deafness, blindness), psychosis, autism, or an estimated Full Scale IQ less than 80. Each of the ADHD
RESULTS
Of the 140 children with ADHD, 139 (99%) met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD: 110 met criteria for the combined subtype, 6 for the hyperactive-impulsive subtype, and 23 for the inattentive subtype. These groups had 381, 19, and 74 first-degree relatives who participated in the study. The small number of hyperactive-impulsive subjects, which is consistent with prior studies, precludes us from drawing any conclusions about that subtype.
Table 1 shows that the ADHD families were of a somewhat lower social
DISCUSSION
We set out to test the hypothesis that the clinical severity of ADHD subtypes paralleled a gradient of familial severity. The first prediction from that hypothesis was true: rates of ADHD among relatives of each subtype group were greater than rates among relatives of controls. But the second prediction did not hold: rates of ADHD were not significantly higher among relatives of combined-typed probands compared with relatives of other probands. The gradient model also predicted that subtypes
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This work was supported in part by NIMH grants R01 MH57934-01 (Dr. Faraone) and RO1 MH41314-07 (Dr. Biederman).