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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 22(5)

Phylogeny in cryptic weevils: molecules, morphology and new genera of western Palaearctic Cryptorhynchinae (Coleoptera : Curculionidae)

Jonas J. Astrin A and Peter E. Stüben B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A ZFMK: Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany. Email: j.astrin.zfmk@uni-bonn.de

B Curculio Institute, Hauweg 62, D-41066 Mönchengladbach, Germany. Email: p.stueben@t-online.de

Invertebrate Systematics 22(5) 503-522 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS07057
Submitted: 14 November 2007  Accepted: 29 July 2008   Published: 4 December 2008

Abstract

A phylogeny is presented for the western Palaearctic representatives of the weevil subfamily Cryptorhynchinae using a combination of phenotypic and genotypic characters. This phylogeny is the first for the extremely species-rich Cryptorhynchinae to use molecular data (mitochondrial CO1 and 16S as well as nuclear ribosomal 28S). The results of this study show the need for molecular tools within this morphologically cryptic group of weevils and provide a scaffold based on which genus assignment can be tested. The present study mostly corroborates the current subdivision into genera (but many of the subgeneric groups are questioned). Three new genera are described: Montanacalles gen. nov. (type species: Kyklioacalles nevadaensis Stüben, 2001), Coloracalles gen. nov. (type species: Acalles humerosus Fairmaire, 1862) and Elliptacalles gen. nov. (type species: Acalles longus Desbrochers, 1892). Relevant external characters and the male genitalia of all discussed taxa are illustrated. Three species are transferred to different genera: Kyklioacalles aubei (Boheman, 1837) (formerly: Acalles), Ruteria major (Solari A. & F., 1907) and Ruteria minosi (Bahr & Bayer, 2005) (both formerly Echinodera).


Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant WA 530/36-1). We are indebted to R. Anderson, F. Bahr, Ch. Bayer, T. Clayhills, J. Longino, S. Scharf and R. Stejskal for contributing specimens. We also thank C. Etzbauer for the ordering of laboratory consumables and two anonymous referees, B. Misof, J. Skuhrovec, W. Wägele, R. Anderson, T. Swinehart, Ch. Bayer, K. Meusemann, L. Behne and the ZFMK laboratory crew for discussions or information.


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Appendix 1.  Collecting and voucher data for the sequenced weevils
Collecting data usually consist of country, region, coordinates, year of collection and the collector’s name. Vouchers (DNA, morphology/tissue) are kept at the Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK). GenBank accession numbers are given in the text. LT = lectotype, PT = paratype
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Appendix 2.  Morphological characters used in the phylogenetic analyses
Additive binary coding (multi-column coding) was used to code ordered multistate transformation series
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Appendix 3.  Data matrix for the 36 morphological characters used in the analysis
? = missing character
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