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Systematics, phylogeny and biogeography
RESEARCH ARTICLE

New carnivorous sponges (Cladorhizidae : Poecilosclerida : Demospongiae) from off Diego Ramírez Archipelago (south Chile), with comments on taxonomy and biogeography of the family

Daniela A. Lopes A C , Alejandro Bravo B and Eduardo Hajdu A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista s/n, São Cristovão, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

B Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile.

C Corresponding author. Email: alopes.d@gmail.com

Invertebrate Systematics 25(5) 407-443 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS11015
Submitted: 13 April 2011  Accepted: 10 October 2011   Published: 14 February 2012

Abstract

Eight new species of carnivorous sponges are described from southern South America, off Diego Ramírez Archipelago (south Chile): Abyssocladia diegoramirezensis, sp. nov., A. umbellata, sp. nov., Asbestopluma (Asbestopluma) bitrichela, sp. nov., A. (A.) magnifica, sp. nov., A. (A.) microstrongyla, sp. nov., A. (Helophloeina) delicata, sp. nov., Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) schlatteri, sp. nov. and C. (Meliiderma) latrunculioides, sp. nov. Most of these sponges were sampled from an antipatharian coral collected accidentaly by demersal fisheries, which indicates an unexpected high diversity and abundance of carnivorous sponges in this area. The taxonomy and biogeography of the family Cladorhizidae is discussed, with an emphasis on cladorhizid versus phellodermid affinities of Abyssocladia, and on the possibility that species bearing either cleistochelae or arcuate chelae as the sole chelae morphotype may belong in this genus. A synthesis of the geographic as well as bathymetric distribution of cladorhizids is presented.

Additional keywords: deep water, Magellanic Province, new species, Porifera, slope, South Pacific Ocean, southern South America.


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