2-Methyl-2-nitrosopropane as a new regulator of the polymer chain growth

doi:10.1070/MC1999v009n06ABEH001161

Mendeleev Communications

Volume 9, Issue 6, 1999, Pages 250-251

https://doi.org/10.1070/MC1999v009n06ABEH001161 Get rights and content

Aliphatic nitroso compounds are efficient regulators of the radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate through the ‘pseudoliving’ chain mechanism.

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However, yields of alkoxyamines were often moderate and the method was restricted to alkoxyamines bearing two identical alkyl groups. Many authors, and in particular Jerome and Detrembleur [54], developed the in situ nitroxide-mediated polymerization (in situ NMP) process by adding to a conventional radical polymerization mixture various nitroxide precursors such as sodium nitrite/nitric oxide [143,144], nitroso compounds [145,146], nitrones [140,147], amines [148,149] and hydroxylamines [150,151]. In all cases, quite successful controlled/living radical polymerizations were obtained even though the real nature of the control agent was difficult to identify (see Section 3.6.1 for details).
Nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP) is a controlled/living radical polymerization (CLRP) technique that enables the design of well-defined, functional and complex macromolecular architectures. This comprehensive review covers all aspects, features and achievements of NMP, from its discovery to 2012. All topics related to NMP are thoroughly discussed and detailed in-depth: synthetic approaches to nitroxides and alkoxyamines, kinetic aspects and polymerization features, range of controllable monomers, polymer characterization, polymerization processes (ionic liquids, dispersed media, etc.), macromolecular coupling approaches, functionalization strategies, macromolecular architectures, bio-related and hybrid materials, industrial applications as well as environmental constraints.
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This chapter covers the main achievements in nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP) from its discovery to late 2010. The various synthetic approaches to nitroxides and alkoxyamines are first presented. The range of monomers for NMP, kinetic features, as well as polymerization in aqueous dispersed media are also discussed. Finally, functionalization strategies of NMP-derived polymers, macromolecular architectures, and biomaterials are detailed.
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The stable radicals derived from different compounds were detected in process of styrene autopolymerization. The nitroxide radicals are produced from nitrosocompound, hindered hydroxylamine, nitrophenols and nitroanisoles. The phenoxyl radicals are formed from quinine methides, and naphtoxyl radicals are generated from 2-nitro-1-naphtol. The radicals are identified, the kinetics of their formation and follow-up evolution are studied. These radicals can participate in process of living radical polymerization as the mediators and can effect significantly on kinetics of polymerization and structure of the resulting polymer.
From regulation of elementary stages of radical processes to controlled synthesis of macromolecules
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2-Methyl-2-nitrosopropane as a new regulator of the polymer chain growth

Macromolecules

Macromolecules

J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.

Macromolecules

J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2