The Role of Narratives

Abstract

The previous chapter has shown that it is unfounded to assert that the terrorists’ narrative has the power to cause a law-abiding citizen to turn to extreme acts of violence. Not only that, the chapter also exposed the lack of explanations in current literature about the way narratives (whether individual or collective) lead to political action. Yet, if one reads terrorism-related literature, progress in counterterrorism appears to be related to both establishing a credible narrative and damaging “their” narrative. This present chapter further examines the nature of narratives by demonstrating that, contrary to what is overwhelmingly suggested, a narrative is not a simple “story” or “message.” While narratives can be constructed, planned, and promoted by specific actors to achieve desired objectives, they are not messages that get “delivered.” They do not “spread” like viruses either. Instead, they keep on existing through a collective reconstruction and retelling process. This chapter ultimately suggests that a greater understanding of the social construction of narratives can inform a better assessment of what is feasible in the “war of ideas” against violent extremism.